Chapter 20: The King’s Treatise: The Commitment of the Lord of Devas
第二十章：國王論：天主的誓願
20.1Then Dṛḍhā, the goddess of the earth, who was seated within that great assembly, rose from her seat, bowed down her head to the Bhagavat’s feet, and then, with her palms placed together, said to the Bhagavat, “Bhagavat, if in any land there is a human king who does not practice the true Dharma, [F.247.b] he will not remain long ruling that land or bringing happiness to many beings through a prestigious reign.
20.1那時，地天女堅牢地神坐在那個大集會中，從座位上起身，向薄伽梵的足部低頭禮拜，然後合掌對薄伽梵說道："薄伽梵，如果在任何國土中，有一位人間的國王不修行正法，他將無法長久統治那個國土，也無法通過殊勝的統治為眾多眾生帶來幸福。"
20.2“Bhagavat, I pray that because you are compassionate you will, with a treatise on kingship, teach how to rule over a land. Through hearing such a Dharma, human kings will be able to remain for a long time in sublime sovereignty, protecting the world, and all the people in that land will become completely happy.”
20.2「薄伽梵，我祈請您因為具有大悲心，請用治國的論述來教導如何統治一個國家。通過聽聞這樣的法，人王將能夠長久地保持尊勝的王權，保護世界，而且那個國家中的所有人民都將完全得到幸福。」
20.3Then the Bhagavat, in the midst of that great assembly, said to the goddess of the earth, “Goddess of the earth, for that reason listen very well. In the past, in a time gone by, there was a king by the name of Balendraketu, who had a son by the name of Ruciraketu . Not long after Ruciraketu ’s royal consecration, Balendraketu said to him, ‘I received from my father, the supreme king Pinnacle of Lords, the treatise on kingship called The Commitment of the Lord of Devas. I have, up until now, ruled for twenty thousand years in accordance with the treatise on kingship called The Commitment of the Lord of Devas. Up until now, I have not been known to follow any ways that are not the Dharma for even an instant. So, son, what is the treatise on kingship called The Commitment of the Lord of Devas?’
20.3那時薄伽梵在大眾之中，對堅牢地神說：「地神，為了這個原因，你要好好聽。在過去很久以前，有一位名叫力尊王的國王，他有一個兒子名叫妙幡菩薩。妙幡菩薩剛剛加冕不久，力尊王對他說：『我從我的父親、至高無上的君主頂峰那裡，接受了名叫《天主的誓願》的治國論。我一直以來，都按照名叫《天主的誓願》的治國論統治了二萬年。一直到現在，我都沒有被發現有任何時刻背離法而行。所以，兒子啊，名叫《天主的誓願》的治國論究竟是什麼呢？』」
20.4“Then, at that time, in that time, noble goddess, King Balendraketu taught extensively, through these verses, the treatise on kingship, The Commitment of the Lord of Devas, to his son King Ruciraketu :
20.4「那時，尊勝的天女啊，力尊王透過這些偈頌，向他的兒子妙幡王廣泛闡述了名為《天主誓願》的統治國土之法：
“ ‘I will teach the treatise on kingship
「我將教導關於統治的法
That benefits all beings,
利益一切眾生，
Cuts through all doubts,
斷除一切疑惑，
And destroys all wrongdoing.
並摧毀一切邪惡。
“ ‘Each and every king,
「每一位國王，
Have a joyful mind!
具有喜悅的意！
And with palms together, listen to
合掌恭聽
All the commitments of the lord of devas.
諸天之主的所有誓願。
“ ‘On this lord of mountains, Vajraprākāra,
「在這座山主、金剛圍山上，
The lords of the devas assembled,
諸天之主集聚一堂，
And the protectors of the world stood up
而世間的保護者們站了起來
In order to question the lord of Brahmās: [F.248.a]
為了向梵天之主提出質疑：
“ ‘ “You, Brahmā, the principal deity,
「尊敬的梵天，您是本尊之首，
The one who is the lord over all devas,
那位統領一切諸天的主宰，
We pray that you cut through our doubts
我們祈禱你解除我們的疑惑
And cut through our concerns.
並斷除我們的憂慮。
“ ‘ “Why is a king, who has been born
「為什麼一位出生於人間的國王，
In the human world, called a deva ?
在人間世界中，為什麼被稱為天？
For what reason is a king
國王為什麼被稱為
Given the title of ‘son of the devas’?
被稱為「諸天之子」的名號呢？
“ ‘ “If he is a deva, then why is it that
「如果他是天，那麼為什麼會
He is born into this world of humans,
他投生在人類的世界裡，
Becomes a lord of humans,
成為人類的主宰，
And acts as a king for humans?”
並做人類的國王呢？」
“ ‘The protectors of the world asked
「世間的保護者們提出了問題
Those questions of the lord of Brahmās
梵天之主的那些問題
And that principal deity, Brahmā,
那位主要的本尊梵天，
Said these words to the protectors of the world:
梵天本尊就對世界的保護者們說了這些話：
“ ‘ “The world protectors have thus
「『「世間保護者們如是
Asked me such questions,
問我這些問題，
So I will teach an excellent treatise
所以我將講授一部殊勝的論典
In order to bring benefit to beings.
為了利益眾生。
“ ‘ “I will describe the births
「我將描述眾生的生。」
Of kings within human existences
人間界中的各種國王
And the causes through which
以及那些導致的原因
They become the kings of their domains.
他們成為自己領域的國王。
“ ‘ “Blessed by the lords of devas,
「『「蒙諸天之主的祝福，
He will enter the mother’s uterus.
他將進入母親的子宮。
First, he is blessed by the devas,
首先，他被諸天祝福，
And afterward, he comes into the womb.
之後，他進入了母親的子宮。
“ ‘ “Although born in the human world,
「雖然生於人間世，
He becomes a lord of humans.
他成為人間的主宰。
As he is born from the devas,
因為他從諸天而生，
He is called ‘a son of the devas.’
他被稱為「諸天之子」。
“ ‘ “The deva lords of Trāyastriṃśa state,
「三十三天的天主們說，
‘You are the child of all the devas.’
「你是所有諸天的孩子。」
They bestow upon him the right to be king
他們授予他成為國王的權利。
And he emanates to become a lord of humans.
他化現成為人間的主宰。
“ ‘ “He brings to an end all evil acts
「他終結一切惡行
And destroys that which is not Dharma.
消除那不符合法的東西。
He establishes beings in good works
他將眾生安立在善業中
In order to direct them to the paradises.
為了引導他們進入天界。
“ ‘ “The lord of men, whether
「『「人類的主宰，無論是
A human or a gandharva,
人類或乾闥婆，
A caṇḍāla or a rākṣasa,
一個旃陀羅或一個羅剎，
Prevents wickedness.
阻止邪惡。
“ ‘ “The lord of men is a father and mother
「人類的主君是父親和母親
For those who engage in good actions.
對於那些從事善行的人。
He has been blessed by the kings of devas
他受到天王的祝福。
To teach them the ripening of results.
為教導他們業果成熟。
“ ‘ “He has been blessed by the kings of devas
他已經受到諸天之王的祝福
In order to teach the ripened results
為了教導業果成熟
Of the karma of performing good actions
做善業的業果
And performing bad actions in this life. [F.248.b]
以及在今生造作惡業。
“ ‘ “Whenever a king does nothing about
「『當國王對於
The wicked inhabitants in his realm,
邪惡的人民在他的領域裡，
Does not appropriately punish
不適當地懲罰
The people who are guilty of bad acts,
犯下惡業的人們，
“ ‘ “And ignores the evils that are done,
「並且忽視所做的惡行，
Then unrighteousness will increase greatly,
那麼不義之事將會大幅增長。
Conflicts and dishonesty
衝突與欺誑
Will subsequently arise in the land,
隨後就會在這片土地上出現。
“ ‘ “And the lords of devas will be disturbed
「諸天的主宰將會被擾亂
Within their Trāyastriṃśa palace.
在他們的三十三天宮殿中。
Whenever a king does nothing about
當國王不採取行動時，
The wicked inhabitants in his realm,
王國中那些邪惡的居民，
“ ‘ “Then there will be terrible dishonesty
「那時會出現可怕的欺誑行為
And dreadful people will vanquish his land.
可怕的人民將會征服他的土地。
The armies of adversaries will invade
敵軍將會入侵
And will completely destroy that land,
並且會完全摧毀那片土地，
“ ‘ “And they will destroy property and families.
「他們將摧毀財產和家族。」
People will steal from one another,
人們會互相盜竊。
Using many forms of dishonesty,
用許多欺騙的方式，
Whatever wealth has been accumulated.
無論積累了多少財富。
“ ‘ “There are the duties of kingship,
"君主應有的職責，"
And if those activities are not carried out,
如果那些活動沒有被執行，
Then he will destroy his own kingdom
那麼他就會摧毀自己的國家
Like a king of elephants destroys a pond.
如同象王破壞池塘一樣。
“ ‘ “Disastrous winds will blow,
「『災難的風將會吹起，
Disastrous rains will fall,
災難性的雨水會降落下來，
And the sun, the moon, the planets,
太陽、月亮和行星
And lunar asterisms will bring disaster.
月亮的星宿將會帶來災難。
“ ‘ “In the land where the king is impassive,
「在國王冷漠無情的國家裡，
Seeds, harvests, flowers, and fruit
種子、莊稼、花朵和果實
Will fail to ripen properly
無法適當成熟
And famines will occur.
飢荒就會發生。
“ ‘ “Whenever a king does nothing about
「當一位國王不採取任何行動來
The wicked inhabitants in his realm,
他的國土中那些邪惡的居民，
Then the devas in their palaces
那時諸天在他們的宮殿中
Will at that time become displeased.
那時諸天的主宰們就會感到不悅。
“ ‘ “All of those lords of devas
「『「所有這些天的主宰
Will be saying to one another,
將會彼此互相說道，
‘This king has no righteousness;
「這個國王沒有正義；
He is on the side of unrighteousness.’
他是站在不正義的一方。
“ ‘ “Such a king will before long
"『這樣的國王不久就會
Cause the devas to be disturbed,
使諸天受到擾亂，
And because the devas are disturbed,
因為諸天被擾亂，
His kingdom will be completely destroyed.
他的國家將會完全被摧毀。
“ ‘ “Unrighteousness will arise in that land,
「不正之法將出現在那片土地上，
And it will also be destroyed by weapons.
而且它也會被武器所摧毀。
Dishonesty and conflicts
不誠實與衝突
And also illness will arise.
也會產生病。
“ ‘ “The lords of devas will be enraged,
「『諸天之主將感到憤怒，
And the devas will abandon him.
諸天將會遺棄他。
The kingdom will be destroyed,
王國將被摧毀，
And the king will encounter misery.
國王將遭遇痛苦。
“ ‘ “He will be separated from those he loves,
「他將與所愛的人分離，
Whether they be brothers or sons.
無論是兄弟或是兒子。
He will even be separated from his beloved wife,
他甚至會與心愛的妻子分離。
Or it will be that his daughter will die. [F.249.a]
要麼他的女兒會死亡。
“ ‘ “There will be shooting stars that will fall,
「『會出現流星墜落，
And similarly there will appear comets,
同樣地，會出現彗星，
And the armies of invading enemies,
入侵的敵軍會來到，
And famines will drastically take place.
而且會發生嚴重的饑荒。
“ ‘ “His cherished elephant and
「他心愛的象和
Cherished minister will die.
摯愛的大臣將會死亡。
Afterward, his cherished
隨後，他所珍愛的
Camels will also die.
駱駝也會死亡。
“ ‘ “People will steal from one another
「人們會互相竊取
Homes, possessions, and wealth.
家園、財產和財寶。
In this and that region they will
在這個地方和那個地方，他們將會
Strike one another with weapons.
互相用武器攻擊對方。
“ ‘ “There will arise in those regions
「在那些地區將會出現
Fighting, quarreling, and dishonesty.
鬥爭、爭執和欺騙。
A demon will enter the kingdom
一個惡魔會進入這個王國
And there will be dreadful illnesses.
而且會出現可怕的病。
“ ‘ “After that, even the recipients of
「'「之後，即使是
Offerings will become unrighteous.
供養將變得不正當。
His court and his ministers
他的朝代與他的眾位大臣
Will also become unrighteous.
也會變得不正當。
“ ‘ “Those individuals who are righteous
「那些具有正義品德的人
Will constantly be punished.
將被不斷地懲罰。
If unrighteous individuals are honored
如果不正義的人得到尊敬
And the righteous are punished,
而正直的人反而受到懲罰，
“ ‘ “Because the malevolent are loved and honored,
「因為惡人受到慈心和尊敬，
And because the good are punished,
而且因為善良的人受到懲罰，
In that place water, lunar asterisms,
在那個地方，水、月亮星宿，
And wind, those three, will become agitated.
風這三者就會變得紊亂。
“ ‘ “If unrighteous beings are favored,
「『如果不正義的眾生受到偏袒，
There are three things that will be destroyed:
有三樣東西將會被毀滅：
The vital essence of the flavor of the Dharmas,
法的味道的生命精華，
The vitality of beings, and the fecundity of the earth.
眾生的活力，以及地的肥沃。
“ ‘ “Through honoring evil people
「『透過尊敬邪惡的人
And dishonoring good people,
以及不尊敬善良的人，
There are three things that will occur:
將會出現三樁事情：
Death, lightning, and famine.
死亡、閃電和饑荒。
“ ‘ “Afterward, the vitality and flavor
「之後，生命力和滋味
Of fruits and harvests will vanish,
水果和收成將會消失，
And in those regions there will be
在那些地區將會有
A multitude of people with illnesses.
眾多患病的人民。
“ ‘ “Although that land had fruits
「雖然那片土地原本有果實
That were large and sweet,
那些果實雖然原本又大又甜，
They will become bitter and hot,
它們會變得苦澀炎熱。
And they will become small.
它們將變得又小又苦。
“ ‘ “Games, amusements, and pleasures,
「遊樂、娛樂和喜悅，
Those things that previously had been enjoyed,
那些以前曾經享受的事物，
Will be disliked and no longer pleasurable,
會變得令人厭棄，不再令人愉快。
And instead there will be dismay from hundreds of troubles.
反而會有來自百般煩惱的驚怖。
“ ‘ “The luster and the vitality
「『「光澤和生命力
Of the harvests and fruits will perish,
收穫和果實將會消滅。
And they will not bring satisfaction
而且它們不會帶來滿足
To the body, the elements, or the senses.
對身體、元素或感官。
“ ‘ “Beings will have bad complexions, [F.249.b]
「眾生的膚色會變得不好看，
Little strength, and will be emaciated.
力量微弱，身體消瘦。
Even though they eat a lot of food,
儘管眾生吃很多食物，
They will not become satiated.
他們將不會感到飽足。
“ ‘ “They will afterward cease to have
「他們往後將會失去力、力量與精進。
Strength, power, and diligence.
力、威力與精進。
In that land, there will be
在那個國土中，將會有
Beings with weak diligence.
精進微弱的眾生。
“ ‘ “There will be many sick beings
「將會有許多患病的眾生
Afflicted by various diseases.
受到各種疾病的折磨。
There will planets and lunar asterisms
將會有行星和月宿
That arise from various rākṣasas.
這些疾病都是由各種羅剎所引起的。
“ ‘ “The king who is not righteous,
「不修正法的國王，
Who is on the side of unrighteousness,
誰站在不正義的一方，
Will in the circle of the three worlds
將會在三界的輪迴中
Be destructive for the three realms.
對三界造成破壞。
“ ‘ “When those on the side of the king
當那些站在國王一方的人
Who perform evil acts are left alone,
進行惡劣行為的人被遺棄時，
Then many of such evil actions
那麼許多這樣的惡行
Will arise within those lands.
那些邪惡的行為就會在那些土地上大量產生。
“ ‘ “If the king ignores evil actions,
「『如果國王忽視惡行，」
He does not fulfill the purpose
他沒有成就目的
For which the lords of devas
為此諸天之主
Blessed him to become a king.
祝福他成為國王。
“ ‘ “Through having done good actions,
「『「通過做了善業，
Beings are reborn in the paradises.
眾生轉生到天界。
Through doing bad actions, they are
通過做壞事，他們會
Reborn as pretas, in hells, and as animals.
轉生為餓鬼、地獄和畜生。
“ ‘ “Whenever a king does nothing about
「『「只要國王對於
The wicked inhabitants in his realm,
王國中的邪惡居民，
Then through those evil acts being done,
然後透過那些惡行被實行，
Beings will fall from the Trāyastriṃśa paradise.
眾生將從三十三天天界墮落。
“ ‘ “If he is not acting as a king,
「如果他不是以國王的身分行動，
Then he will also not be a son,
那麼他也將不成為兒子。
And in the realm of his fathers, the deva kings,
在他的父親天王們的領域裡，
He will have become guilty of a crime.
他將會犯下罪業。
“ ‘ “When a kingdom is being destroyed
「當一個國家正在被毀滅時
By extremely terrible dishonesty,
以極其可怕的不誠實，
It is for that reason that the lords of devas
正是為了這個原因，諸天的主宰
Blessed him to become a king in the human realm.
祝福他在人間成為國王。
“ ‘ “A king is someone who manifests
「一位國王是能夠顯現
For beings the results of karma in that life.
為眾生呈現那一生中的業果。
He is someone who initiates good actions
他是那位發起善業行為的人
In order to cause evil acts to cease,
為了使惡行停止，
And for the sake of Dharma in the land.
為了護持這片土地上的法。
“ ‘ “Someone is called a king because their actions
「有人被稱為國王，是因為他們的行動
Are in order to teach the difference between
是為了教導區分之處
The results that ripen from the karma
業所成熟的果報
Of having done good or having done bad.
做過善事或做過惡事的結果。
“ ‘ “He was blessed by the multitudes of devas
「他受到諸天的眾多祝福
For the benefit of himself and the benefit of others,
為了自己的利益和他人的利益，
And for the benefit of the Dharma in that land, [F.250.a]
並為了那片土地上的法的利益，
And all those devas are gladdened by him.
而所有那些諸天都因他而歡喜。
“ ‘ “To subdue the deceitful, evil people
「『「為了降伏欺詐、邪惡的人
Who are inhabitants in his domains,
住在他的領域中的那些人。
And to benefit the Dharma in his kingdom,
並為了利益他的王國中的法。
He will give away his life and his kingship.
他會捨棄自己的生命和王位。
“ ‘ “To accept unrighteousness
「接受不正當的行為
And to knowingly pay it no attention
而故意不去理會它
Is a dreadful danger for the realm
是國家的極大威脅。
With which nothing else can compare.
沒有任何事物能夠與之相比。
“ ‘ “When there is the appearance of dishonesty,
「當出現不誠實的情況時，
If those who are dishonest are not punished,
如果那些不誠實的人沒有受到懲罰，
Then afterward there will be in the land
然後在這片土地上之後會有
Extremely dreadful dishonest people.
極其可怕的不誠實的人。
“ ‘ “They will destroy that kingdom
「他們會摧毀那個王國
Like elephants do a great pond.
就像大象踏壞大池塘一樣。
The lords of devas will also be disturbed,
諸天之主也將被擾亂，
And it will bring ruin to the paradises.
它將摧毀天界。
“ ‘ “Everything in the land
「『「這片土地上的一切
Will become pernicious.
會變得有害。
Therefore, the evil actions of those who
因此，那些進行惡業之人的惡行
Are wicked should be successively subdued.
應當依次制伏。
“ ‘ “He should protect the kingdom with righteousness
「他應當以正義保護王國
And he should never practice unrighteousness.
他應該永遠不要實踐不正義的行為。
He should not become a sinful lord,
他不應該成為一位罪惡的君主，
Even if he has to give up his life.
即使必須犧牲生命。
“ ‘ “Toward his family and other people,
「對於他的家人和其他人，
Toward all the people in his kingdom,
對於他的王國裡的所有人民，
The king should not show favoritism
國王不應當偏私。
Through which he will fall into bias.
這樣他將陷入偏心的行為。
“ ‘ “The renown of a king who is
「『具有正義的國王的美名，
Righteous will fill the three worlds,
正義將充滿三界，
And he will bring joy to the lords of devas
他將為諸天之主帶來喜樂
Who are in the Trāyastriṃśa paradise.
住在三十三天天界的諸天。
“ ‘ “They will think, ‘Our son in Jambudvīpa
「『他們會想，『我們在贍部洲的兒子
Is in this way a righteous king.
是這樣一位正法王。
He displays a Dharma kingdom,
他展現了一個法的國度，
And establishes beings in good actions.’
並建立眾生於善行中。
“ ‘ “The king, through his good actions,
「『國王通過他的善行，
Inspires beings in this world to think
啟發這個世界的眾生生起思想
That the paradises are being filled
天界正在被充滿
With devas and the children of devas. [F.250.b]
與諸天和天的子嗣同在。[F.250.b]
“ ‘ “Displaying there a Dharma kingdom
「在那裡展現一個法王的國度
Will cause the kings to rejoice.
將使諸王歡喜。
The lords of devas will favor him,
諸天之主將會庇佑他，
And they will protect that human king.
他們將會保護那位人王。
“ ‘ “The sun, the moon, and similarly
「日輪、月輪及同樣地
The lunar asterisms will move perfectly.
月宿將完美運行。
The winds will arise at the proper times,
風將在適當的時候吹起，
And the rains will also come at the right time.
降雨也會在適當的時候降臨。
“ ‘ “There will be excellent harvests in the kingdom
「王國裡將會有豐收的收成
And likewise in the realms of the devas.
同樣在諸天的境界裡也是如此。
The devas and the children of devas
諸天和諸天的眷屬
Will fill the abodes of the devas.
將充滿諸天的居所。
“ ‘ “In that way the monarch will
「以此方式，這位君王將會
Give up his own dear life
放棄自己親愛的生命
In order to make the world happy
為了使世界幸福
And not give up the precious Dharma.
而不捨棄珍貴的法。
“ ‘ “The one who is adorned by good qualities
「具足善功德者
Relies on being in possession of righteousness.
依靠具足正義而成立。
He constantly makes beings happy,
他不斷地使眾生快樂，
And he constantly rejects bad actions.
並且他不斷地捨棄惡行。
“ ‘ “He protects the realm with righteousness,
「他以正法保護國土，
And he correctly teaches righteousness.
並且他正確地教導正法。
He establishes beings in good actions
他將眾生安立於善行中。
And turns them away from bad actions.
並將他們轉離惡行。
“ ‘ “When he correctly subjugates
「『當他正確地調伏
Those who commit bad actions,
那些造作惡業的眾生，
There will be good harvests in the kingdom,
國家將會五穀豐登。
And the king will have majesty.
國王將具有威嚴。
“ ‘ “The king will be renowned
「國王將會名聞遐邇
And will protect the happiness of beings.” ’ ”
並將保護眾生的幸福。」
20.79This concludes “The King’s Treatise: The Commitment of the Lord of Devas,” the twentieth chapter of “The Lord King of Sūtras, the Sublime Golden Light.”
20.79（結尾）