The Action of Absorption
定的作用
14.1“Dṛḍhamati, if you have four qualities, they will enable you to accomplish that absorption and teach it to others. What are those four qualities? Apply diligence to attain that absorption and do not discard your efforts. When seated, enthusiastically preaching day and night, manifest the thus-gone ones seated at the supreme seat of awakening, or turning the wheel of Dharma, and likewise have no stinginess with Dharma. While giving the gift of Dharma, transform yourself and the audience members for the Dharma into the bodies of thus-one ones; for while one’s own body will be destroyed, those bodies do not abide anywhere at all, and teach the Dharma while not abiding anywhere. One should sit on the cushion observing that, with that kind of experience, and effecting that kind of transformation, and while seated in this manner, one should give the gift of Dharma.
14.1「堅慧，若你具足四種特質，就能成就那個定，並教導他人。那四種特質是什麼呢？精進修習以獲得那個定，並不要放棄你的努力。當你坐著時，要晝夜熱誠地宣講，顯現如來坐在菩提座上，或轉動法輪，同樣地對法也不要有慳貪。在布施法的時候，要把自己和聽眾的身體轉化為如來的身體；因為雖然自己的身體會被毀壞，但那些身體卻不存在任何地方，在不住任何地方的情況下教導法。應該坐在座墊上，觀察那樣的情形，實現那樣的轉化，坐著如此的方式，就能布施法。」
14.2“One will thus attain that absorption, Dṛḍhamati. Some will attain it while giving the gift of Dharma. For some it will be afterward. For some it will be while composing.
14.2「堅慧，你將因此獲得那個定。有些人會在布施法的時候獲得它。有些人會在之後獲得它。有些人會在作文組織的時候獲得它。」
14.3“Dṛḍhamati, one should connect with that absorption by having four other qualities. What are these four qualities? That such bodhisattvas have gone forth from their household. That they sleep in peripheral areas, delighting in forests and wildernesses. That they give oral advice and instructions in accordance with the audience, in view of those who engage in the conduct of beings. Such bodhisattvas also know perfectly well the conduct that accords with their inclinations.
14.3「堅慧，菩薩應當具備四種其他的素質而與那種定相連結。這四種素質是什麼呢？這些菩薩已經出家離俗。他們睡在邊遠的地方，喜樂於森林和荒野。他們根據聽眾的情況，針對那些從事有情利益事業的人，給予口頭的勸告和教導。這樣的菩薩也完全了解與他們的傾向相應的行為。」
14.4“Dṛḍhamati, those who have four other qualities should be known as spiritual friends. What are those four qualities? They are in possession of expressions that defeat others. They connect beings with the profound Dharma. [F.222.b] They are in possession of timely expressions of oral advice. And they let go of those instructions when the time is right. Those who possess those four other qualities should be known as spiritual friends.”
14.4「堅慧，具有其他四種品質的人應當被認為是善知識。那四種品質是什麼？他們擁有能夠駁倒他人的言辭。他們將有情連接到深奧的法。他們擁有適時的口頭勸告表達。當時機恰當時，他們會放棄那些教導。擁有那其他四種品質的人應當被認為是善知識。」
14.5In that regard, the Blessed One then said the following:
“Perfectly knowing place and region,「完全了知地方與區域，
And perfectly knowing people too,並且完全了解眾生，
Spiritual friends dispense to them oral instructions善知識向他們傳授口頭教誨
Through which they will swiftly emerge.藉此他們將迅速超越。
“Spiritual friends speak defeating expressions to beings,善知識向眾生說出擊敗的言語，
And also connect them with the profound.並且將他們與深奧之法相連結。
They instruct them in a timely fashion,他們在適當的時刻為眾生開示教導，
And let go of those instructions when the time is right.當時機恰當時，就放下那些教導。
“Whichever turns of phrase spiritual friends have spoken,「善知識所說的各種言辭，
Even while conversing intensively,即使在深入交談時，
They have no fixation upon them,他們對此沒有執著。
And thus let go of them when the time is right.當時機成熟時，就放下它們。
14.8“Dṛḍhamati, those in possession of four qualities should be known as spiritual friends. What are those four qualities? Dṛḍhamati, spiritual friends cause beings to connect with going forth. They cause them to connect with the intention to ascertain the profound meaning. They cause beings to connect with non-attachment toward any focal point in concentration. They also cause beings to connect with the perception of the absence of characteristics. These are the four.”
14.8世尊隨後說到：「堅慧，具備四種特質的人應當被知為善知識。那四種特質是什麼呢？堅慧，善知識使眾生與出家相連結。他們使眾生與確定深義的意圖相連結。他們使眾生與對定中任何焦點的無執著相連結。他們也使眾生與無相的想相連結。這就是那四種特質。」
14.9The Blessed One then said the following about this:
“They should cause beings to connect「他們應當使眾生相應
With isolated forests and going forth.與隔絕的森林和出家相連。
Speaking always in praise of that—經常讚美那樣的善知識——
Such are spiritual friends.這就是善知識。
“They should connect beings with teachings ascertained as profound,他們應當把眾生引向確立為深奧的教法，
According to their ultimate meaning,根據它們的究竟義理，
And they should not be devoid of concentrations—而且他們不應該缺乏定——
Those are sublime spiritual friends.這些就是殊勝的善知識。
14.11“Dṛḍhamati, there are four qualities which, if bodhisattvas possess them, enable them to cultivate that absorption. What are those four qualities? Having discarded their own intellect, bodhisattvas should be moved according to the intellect of the master. They should apply diligence uninterruptedly. They should not discard diligence and should delight in forests and wildernesses. They should fully abandon all social interactions. Dṛḍhamati, bodhisattvas who have these four qualities will be able to attain that absorption.
14.11「堅慧，若菩薩具足四種法，能夠修習此定。那四種法是什麼呢？菩薩應當放棄自己的智慧，按照善知識的智慧而行動。他們應當無間斷地修習精進。他們不應當放棄精進，應當喜樂於森林和曠野。他們應當完全捨棄一切人際交往。堅慧，具足這四種法的菩薩將能夠成就此定。」
14.12“Dṛḍhamati, there are four other qualities which, if bodhisattvas possess them, enable them to attain that absorption. What are those four qualities? In perceiving thus-gone ones that they uphold well, they do not abandon the thus-gone ones even while so much as dreaming of them. In perceiving Dharma teachings that they uphold well, they do not discard the perception of the Dharma teachings even while so much as dreaming of them, and neither are they apathetic about Dharma teachings. [F.223.a] Through the perishability of all things, they also acquire acceptance of the profound Dharma. Through practicing disengagement, they are also those who practice the concentration of non-abiding. Dṛḍhamati, bodhisattvas who have those four qualities will be able to attain that absorption.”
14.12「堅慧，菩薩若具足另外四種功德，就能夠得到那個定。那四種功德是什麼呢？在觀察如來時，他們所持守得很好，即使在夢中也不舍棄如來。在觀察法教時，他們所持守得很好，即使在夢中也不舍棄對法教的想，而且對法教也不冷淡。通過體悟一切事物的無常性，他們也獲得對深妙法的忍。通過修習出離，他們也是修習無所住定的人。堅慧，菩薩若具足那四種功德，就能夠得到那個定。」
14.13About this, the Blessed One then said:
“If a spiritual friend如果善知識
Should instruct in accordance with this,應當依照這個而進行教導，
The path traversed by the buddhas,諸佛所走過的道，
It should not be abandoned, I say.不應該被捨棄，我這樣說。
14.14“Dṛḍhamati, those who possess four qualities should be known as spiritual friends. What are those four qualities? They connect beings with virtue. They turn them away from wickedness. They bring them to the Dharma. And they give teachings appropriate to them. Those are the four.”
14.14「堅慧，具有四種品質的人應當被認知為善知識。那四種品質是什麼呢？他們將眾生與善根相連。他們把眾生從邪惡轉向離開。他們將眾生帶到法。並且他們給予適合眾生的教導。這就是那四種。」
14.15The Blessed One then said:
“Bodhisattvas should always rely on spiritual friends.「菩薩應當常依止善知識。
They should rely on such supreme persons,他們應當依止這樣的殊勝補特伽羅，
Who turn beings away from wicked qualities,他們引導眾生遠離惡劣的品質，
And teach the Dharma given by the victorious ones.並為眾生傳授勝者所說的法。
“The heroes from whom the Dharma originates「英雄們是法的源頭
Dispense appropriate oral instructions.施予恰當的口頭教導。
They abide by the Dharma, precisely as it is taught,他們依循法，正如所教導的那樣。
And based on abiding by the Dharma, they progress.根據遵循法而他們得以進進步。
“They rely upon the teachings that should be relied upon.他們依靠應當依靠的教法。
They know the teachings that should be relied upon.他們知道應該依靠的教法。
Having also abandoned what should be abandoned,也已經舍棄了應該舍棄的事物，
They rely on the teachings given by the victorious ones.他們依靠勝者所傳授的教法。
“Bodhisattvas who want eloquence「想要獲得辯才的菩薩
In order to teach from their own knowledge為了從自己的知識而教導
Should quickly cultivate that absorption應該迅速修習那個定
And follow a spiritual friend.並親近善知識。
“They should renounce entirely, precisely as taught,「他們應當完全捨棄，正如所教導的一樣，
But should not discard any phenomena whatsoever.但不應捨棄任何法。
They should teach for the sake of benefiting他們應該為了利益眾生而教導
Precisely those who will receive the Dharma.正是那些將接受此法的人。
“They should accomplish their wishes in all respects,他們應該在各方面成就他們的願望，
But should certainly not teach moved by them.但絕對不應該被它們所推動而說法。
Bodhisattvas should seek such teachings菩薩應當尋求這樣的教法
In reliance always upon a spiritual friend.總是依靠善知識而行。
“Therefore, bodhisattvas should rely upon spiritual friends.「因此，菩薩應當依靠善知識。」
They should abandon wicked companions.應當遠離惡知識。
They will become learned based on spiritual friends,他們會因為善知識而變得博學多聞，
And based on them, they will also quickly attain that absorption.並且以此為基礎，他們也將迅速獲得那個定。
14.22“Dṛḍhamati, bodhisattvas should rely upon spiritual friends with four qualities. What are those four qualities? They fully know the oral instructions. [F.223.b] They fully know their cultivation. They fully know the faults with oral instructions. And they fully know the faults with their cultivation. Those are the four.”
14.22「堅慧，菩薩應當依止具有四種功德的善知識。那四種功德是什麼呢？他們完全了知經論教導。他們完全了知修行實踐。他們完全了知經論教導的過失。他們完全了知修行實踐的過失。這就是那四種。」
14.23About this, the Blessed One then said:
“They know oral instructions, and likewise, cultivation.「他們了知法教，同樣也了知修行。
They also fully know the faults with cultivation,他們也完全了知修行的過失，
And the faults with oral instructions,以及口頭教誨的缺陷，
And thus connect beings with the faultless Dharma.如此將眾生與無過失的法相連結。
14.24“Dṛḍhamati, those with four qualities should be known as spiritual friends. What are those four qualities? They fully know place. They fully know location. They fully know persons. And they fully know conduct.
14.24「堅慧，具足四種功德的補特伽羅應該被認識為善知識。那四種功德是什麼？他們充分了知處所。他們充分了知位置。他們充分了知補特伽羅。他們充分了知行為。
14.25“How is it that they fully know place? They fully and precisely know place in accordance with persons. How is it that they fully know persons? They fully and precisely know what persons will become based on their conduct. How is it that they fully know conduct? They decisively demonstrate engagement in Dharma teachings in accordance with desirous, hateful, and delusional conduct. Thereby, in order to abandon desire, they enthusiastically embrace the three Dharma robes and go forth, do not associate with householders, abandon argumentation, accept the profound, and experience emptiness. Dṛḍhamati, those with those four qualities should be known as spiritual friends who will attain that absorption.
14.25「堅慧，怎樣才是完全了知處所呢？他們能夠根據有情來完全準確地了知處所。怎樣才是完全了知有情呢？他們能夠根據有情的行為來完全準確地了知有情將來會成為什麼樣的人。怎樣才是完全了知行為呢？他們能夠果斷地根據貪欲、瞋恨和癡心的行為來示現從事法教的修行。因此，為了捨離貪欲，他們熱忱地接受三件法衣並出家，不與居士來往，放棄爭論，接納深奧之法，體驗空性。堅慧，具有這些特質的人應當被認識為將獲得那種定的善知識。」
14.26“Dṛḍhamati, there are four qualities that, if householder bodhisattvas possess them, enable them to attain that absorption and strive in that absorption. What are those four qualities? Dṛḍhamati, householder bodhisattvas should observe the five precepts. They should also stay in a monastic rest house, taking only one meal a day. They should become highly learned. They should become adept at ascertaining the meaning and rely upon spiritual friends who instruct while abiding in that absorption. Dṛḍhamati, if householder bodhisattvas have those four qualities, they should apply themselves to attaining that absorption.
14.26「堅慧，有四種特質，若居士菩薩具備了這些特質，就能夠證得那個定，並在那個定中努力修行。那四種特質是什麼呢？堅慧，居士菩薩應當守持五戒。他們也應當住在僧房裡，每天只吃一餐。他們應當成為博學多聞的人。他們應當擅長於理解義理的深義，並依止善知識，這些善知識在安住於那個定中時給予教導。堅慧，若居士菩薩具備了那四種特質，他們就應當努力修行以證得那個定。」
14.27“Dṛḍhamati, bodhisattvas should apply themselves to it by having four other qualities. What are those four qualities? [F.224.a] In order to bring about the attainment of that meditative concentration through not dwelling on any phenomenon, they should have a pristine practice of discipline, a pristine livelihood, and disregard their life and limb without any remorse. They should form the notion that the one from whom they listen to the Dharma is the teacher. They should manifest the body of the thus-gone ones. They should also be free of stinginess.
14.27「堅慧，菩薩應當以四種其他的特質來精進修習。那四種特質是什麼呢？為了通過不執著任何法來實現那種禪定，他們應當具有清淨的戒律修行、清淨的命，並且毫無悔恨地捨棄生命和身體。他們應當視自己聞法的對象為師。他們應當示現如來的身。他們也應當遠離慳貪。」
14.28“Dṛḍhamati, the following four qualities help those who have perfectly embarked on the Great Vehicle to attain that absorption. With regard to the body, they should not examine the body with any concepts involving a body to be observed. With regard to feelings, they should not examine feelings with any concepts involving feelings to be observed. With regard to the mind, they should not examine the mind with any concepts involving a mind to be observed. With regard to phenomena, they should not examine phenomena with any concepts involving phenomena to be observed. Dṛḍhamati, those four qualities help those who have perfectly embarked on the Great Vehicle to attain that absorption.”
14.28「堅慧，以下四種功德能幫助那些圓滿趣入大乘的有情証得那個定。關於色身，他們不應該用涉及色身可被觀察的任何概念來觀察色身。關於受，他們不應該用涉及受可被觀察的任何概念來觀察受。關於意，他們不應該用涉及意可被觀察的任何概念來觀察意。關於法，他們不應該用涉及法可被觀察的任何概念來觀察法。堅慧，這四種功德能幫助那些圓滿趣入大乘的有情証得那個定。」
14.29About this, the Blessed One then said:
“They cultivate the applications of mindfulness,「他們修習念住，
Which I have always praised.我恆常稱讚的。
With the experience of a monk以比丘的經驗
They will attain such an absorption.他們將會獲得這樣的定。
“They meditate on the body as impermanent,他們觀照身體是無常的，
Yet do not dwell on the body.然而不執著於身體。
With a mind that does not dwell,以不執著的意而進行。
They will attain such an absorption.他們將會證得這樣的定。
“They have no miserliness about Dharma in their pursuit of the teachings「他們在追求教法時，對於法毫無吝嗇之心
On the four bases of supernatural powers and the four genuine discernments.關於四種神足和四種真實的明。
While observing discipline, they rely upon sublime friends.他們在持守戒律的同時，依靠殊勝的善友。
Seeking that absorption, they cultivate the idea of the teacher.追求那種定，他們修習師的觀念。
“That is the family of abundant wholesomeness.「這是豐盛善法的家族。
That is the source of learning.那是學習的源世界。
It likewise dispels Māra,它同樣驅散魔。
And connects one with that absorption.並與那個定相連接。
“That is the supreme among their visions,「那是他們的視野中最殊勝的，
The unexcelled vision of Dharma.無上的法眼。
By teaching the Dharma,通過教導法。
No one at all will be obscured.沒有任何人會被遮蔽。
“That is the scripture of the sūtras,「那就是諸經的經典，
And the scripture of the highly learned.以及高度博學者的經典。
From it came my awakening;由此而來我的菩提；
One should therefore rely upon it.因此應該依靠它。
“The ten powers and the four authentic discernments,「十力和四種真實的明，
Which I have taught,我所教導的
All appeared from this.一切都從此而生。
One should therefore rely upon it.因此應當依靠它。
“The buddhas have taught the absorption「諸佛曾經教導的定
That yields accomplishment and transformation. [F.224.b]這能夠帶來成就和轉化。
That eloquence cannot be exhausted那辯才永遠不會被窮盡。
“It has no depletion「它沒有耗盡
And no completion.沒有窮盡，也沒有完成。
Through fully discerning it,通過完全明白它，
They will become as immovable as the ocean.他們將變得像大海一樣不可動搖。
“Since I have explained the absorption「因為我已經解釋了定
That they will attain,他們將會獲得，
They will not behold the face他們將不會看見面容
Of anyone at all teaching it later.任何人日後教授它。
“It has also been explained「這也已經被解說過了
By gods, nāgas, kinnaras, humans, and nonhumans,由天神、龍、緊那羅、人及非人所見聞，
So they behold their faces,因此他們看到了那些天神、龍、緊那羅、人和非人的面容。
And will behold many of them.並將看到他們中的許多。
“That is the source from which「那就是來源，從這裡
Those who have taught it attained it,那些教導過它的人已經證得了它，
Just as they trained in it,正如他們在法中修學一樣，
Just as they were exalted in Dharma.正如他們在法中被提升一樣。
“Through teaching that sūtra「通過教授那部經
Their intentions will be known.他們的意圖將會被知曉。
Through training in that absorption,透過在該定中的修習訓練，
The conduct of beings will be known.眾生的行為將被了知。
“Stabilize your mind in this sūtra「在這部經中安定你的意
And you will know the names你將知道名號
Of all the buddhas that I have taught,我所教導的所有諸佛，
And their teachings too.以及它們的教法。
They will fully know他們將會完全了知
All the myriad sūtras所有無數的經
That were taught throughout the realms of the world.那些在世界各地所傳授的經。
“Abiding in that absorption,「安住在那個定中，
They will fully know他們將會完全了知
All the respected hearers所有受尊敬的聲聞
That the saviors of the world have had.世間救主曾經擁有的。
“They will fully know the buddha realms他們將完全了知佛剎
Just as they are arrayed.正如它們排列的方式一樣。
Whoever cultivates such absorptions無論是誰修習這樣的三昧
Will also know their life spans.也將了知他們的壽命。
“They will fully know the days that have passed,「他們將會完全了知已經過去的日子，」
The fortnights, the months,雙週、月份，
Complete years as well,完整的年數也會知道。
“They will fully know the best of men,「他們會完全了知最殊勝的人，
The fully awakened ones,完全覺醒的人們，
In the worlds throughout the ten directions,在十方的世界中，
And they will know all realms.他們將知曉所有的領域。
“Those who cultivate absorption那些修習定的人
All the names of the saviors of the world,世間所有救度者的名號，
Which were taught by the teacher.由師所教導的。
“They will fully know the sūtras,「他們將完全通曉諸經，
Which were taught by the protector.那是由保護者所教導的。
They will know the myriad excellent hearers他們會認識無數優秀的聲聞
And saviors of the world.以及世界的救度者。
“Whoever attains this absorption「誰若證得這個定
Will become stable in intelligence.將會在智慧中獲得穩定。
They will also here know他們也將在此處了知
What the experience of buddhas is.諸佛所證悟的境界。
“They will fully know他們將會完全了知
All the future buddhas,所有未來的諸佛，
Who will appear over the course of ten million eons,在一千萬劫的過程中出現的諸佛。
And what their names and family lineages will be. [F.225.a]以及他們的名號和家族血脈。
“They will know their life spans,他們將知道他們的壽命，
And their hearers too.以及他們的聲聞。
They will also know the sūtras,他們也將知道這些經。
Which will be explained by the protectors.這將由保護者為他們解釋。
“What their buddha realms are like,「他們的佛剎是什麼樣的，
How they are arrayed,如何排列，
And how long the Dharma以及法要持續多久
Of buddhas passed away will remain—諸佛已滅度，其法將住世——
“While abiding in absorption,「在定中安住時，
They will know all those things.他們將會知曉這一切。
Therefore, whoever wants to be highly learned因此，凡是想要成就大智慧的人
“By relying upon that absorption,「藉由依靠那個定，
They will know its meaning too.他們也會明白它的意義。
As that is the gate for entering the wisdom of awakening,因為那是進入覺悟的智慧之門，
Their intelligence will be stabilized.他們的智慧將得到穩定。
“The meaning will emerge from it,「其中的意義將會顯現，
And they will enter the wisdom of awakening.他們將進入覺悟的智慧。
From it they will attain從中他們將獲得
Merit without limit.無量的功德。
“They will fully know as many buddhas他們將完全認識許多諸佛
As will appear—如同將要出現的一樣——
Fully awakened ones,圓滿覺悟的諸佛，
Saviors of the world, the best of men.世界的救度者，人中最殊勝者。
“Those who have embarked upon awakening那些已經踏上菩提之路的人
Of each and every buddha.每一尊佛陀。
“For the sake of offering為了供養
To each and every buddha,向每一位佛陀
They will fill no fewer than a billion worlds他們將充滿不少於十億個世界。
With accumulated wealth.以累積的財寶。
“By that estimation,「根據這樣的計算，
They will serve all buddhas,他們將供養諸佛，
Victorious ones with their hearers,勝者與諸聲聞，
Until the eon is completely finished.直到那個劫完全結束。
Highly renowned saviors of the world,高名遠聞的世間救主，
Will also manifest for them也會為他們現身顯現
As they make such offerings.當他們作出如此的供養時。
“Such abundant heaps of merit「這樣豐富的功德堆積
Will also endow them with stable intelligence.也將賦予他們穩定的智慧。
It will compel them to pursue the ultimate wisdom,這會促使他們追求究竟的覺悟智慧。
The inconceivable wisdom of awakening.難以思議的覺悟智慧。
“Whoever seeks awakening,「凡是尋求菩提的人，
Should cultivate this absorption.應當修習這種定。
Whoever has cultivated this absorption凡是修習過這種定的人
Will be exalted in learning.將會在學問上得到尊崇。
“For whoever has cultivated this absorption對於已經修習了這個定的人
And for whoever will cultivate it,對於將來修習它的人，
I cannot say that the heap of their merit我無法說盡他們的功德。
“The merit from cultivating this absorption「修習這個定所獲得的功德
It increases knowledge,它增長智慧，
While offering to the buddhas is not like that.而供養諸佛則不是那樣。
“Honoring with flowers, fragrances, garlands,用花、香氣、花圈供養禮敬，
Is not honoring the buddhas.並非是在恭敬諸佛。
“Dṛḍhamati, whoever connects with the Dharma—堅慧，誰若與法相連結——
The Dharma realized by me我所證悟的法
At the seat of awakening—在菩提座處——
Honors the buddhas. [F.225.b]尊敬諸佛。
“Whoever pursues that Dharma「誰若追求那個法
And wants to behold buddhas想要見到諸佛
Should immediately pursue this absorption—應當立即修習這種定—
Precisely this kind of Dharma.正是這樣的法。
“Whoever engenders sublime joy"無論誰生起崇高的喜悅
Based on having attained this absorption基於已經證得這個定
Has previously known已經先前知曉
Many thousands of buddhas.”無數千萬的諸佛。
14.70This concludes the fourteenth chapter.
