Notes

n.1The name of this bodhisattva when he figures in this group of eight is usually given in the surviving Sanskrit literature as Sarvanivaraṇaviṣkambhin, though we do see Sarvāvaraṇaviṣkambhin attested in at least one Indic source. Nivaraṇa and āvaraṇa both mean “obscuration,” and when the bodhisattva’s name is translated into Tibetan, in both cases it is rendered as sgrib pa (thams cad) rnam (par) sel (ba). Here, both the Sanskrit title given in our text and the dhāraṇī render the name as Āvaraṇaviṣkambhin.

n.2The opening lines of the table of contents (dkar chag) of an independent dhāraṇī collection printed in Beijing in 1731, found in the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Budapest and transcribed by Orosz, identify the source of all such dhāraṇī collections as the extracanonical collection edited by Tāranātha (Orosz 2010, pp. 67 and 100). This mention is also noted by Hidas 2021, p. 7, n. 56.

n.3See J. Dalton 2016, and J. Dalton and S. van Schaik 2006, on the dhāraṇī­saṃgraha collections preserved at Dunhuang, which contain praises and prayers as well as dhāraṇīs. See Hidas 2021 for the catalogs of eighteen dhāraṇī­saṃgraha collections surviving in Sanskrit, many of which also contain praises.