Introduction

i.1The Threefold Ritual contains a short liturgy for invoking the pantheon of worldly deities, inviting these beings to seize the rare opportunity to listen to the Dharma, and proclaiming the aspiration that all the worldly beings that have gathered to hear the Dharma receive their share of the merit one has generated.

i.1《三重儀軌》包含了一部簡短的禮儀文，用於祈請世間護法神的行列，邀請這些眾生把握難得的機會聽聞法，並表願所有聚集來聽聞法的世間眾生都能獲得自己所生起的功德份額。

i.2This text does not appear in either the Denkarma or Phangthangma royal Tibetan catalogs of translated works, and it also does not appear to have been translated into Chinese at any point. Combined with the fact that the title information for the text lacks a Sanskrit or otherwise Indic title as well as a colophon listing any Indic or Tibetan translator, it is possible that this work may in fact be Tibetan in origin.

i.2這部文獻沒有出現在《頓卡瑪》或《芳當瑪》這兩部藏王時期的譯經目錄中，也似乎從未被翻譯成中文。結合該文獻題目資訊中缺乏梵文或其他印度語言標題，以及缺少列記任何印度或藏族譯者的跋文這一事實，這部作品可能本身就是藏族起源的著作。

i.3This translation is based on the version of The Threefold Ritual found at the opening of the Compendium of Dhāraṇīs (gzungs ’dus) section in the Degé Kangyur in consultation with the text as it appears in the Comparative Edition (dpe bsdur ma) of the Kangyur. This text does not appear as an independent work in the Tohoku catalog, where it is listed under the number Toh 846 and combined with the text The Threefold Invocation Ritual (spyan ’dren rgyud gsum pa) that immediately precedes it. It has been translated here as an independent work under the modified Tohoku number Toh 846a. The decision to present this text as an independent work is supported by the Degé Kangyur, where it appears with its own title and colophon, and by the Dunhuang manuscript witnesses to the text presented in Marcelle Lalou’s 1938 study, edition, and French translation. Lalou’s work shows that the Dunhuang witnesses to the two works cataloged under Toh 846 bear the individual titles The Threefold Ritual (rgyud gsum pa) and An Invocation of the Great Deities and Nāgas (lha klu chen po rnams spyan dran pa). In the Degé Kangyur, the latter of these two corresponds to the present work and bears the title The Threefold Ritual (rgyud gsum pa). Both works are found in other Kangyurs of predominantly Tshalpa lineage, but in those without a separate section of dhāraṇī they are placed in the tantra sections. Kangyurs that reflect the Thempangma tradition do not include either work.

i.3本翻譯以德格版大藏經甘珠爾中《陀羅尼匯編》（gzungs 'dus）部分開篇所出現的《三重儀軌》版本為基礎，並參考甘珠爾的《對比版》（dpe bsdur ma）中的文本。本文在東北大學目錄中未作為獨立著作出現，在該目錄中被列為第846號，並與緊接其前的《三重祈請儀軌》（spyan 'dren rgyud gsum pa）合併。本處將其譯為獨立著作，編號為修訂後的東北846a。將本文呈現為獨立著作的決定獲得德格版大藏經的支持，該版本中該著作具有自己的標題和跋文，以及馬塞爾·拉盧1938年研究、版本和法語翻譯中呈現的敦煌文獻證本的支持。拉盧的工作表明，編目在東北846號下的兩部著作的敦煌文獻證本分別題為《三重儀軌》（rgyud gsum pa）和《祈請大天龍眾》（lha klu chen po rnams spyan dran pa）。在德格版大藏經中，後者與本著作相應，題為《三重儀軌》（rgyud gsum pa）。兩部著作都出現在其他主要為藏帕傳統的甘珠爾版本中，但在沒有獨立陀羅尼部分的甘珠爾中，它們被放置在密續部分。反映殿邦瑪傳統的甘珠爾不包含任何一部著作。