The Conduct of Bodhisattvas
菩薩的行持
1.1Homage to all the buddhas and bodhisattvas!
1.2Thus did I hear at one time: The Blessed One was residing at the Veṇuvana in Rājagṛha, together with a great saṅgha of many monks and with countless bodhisattva great beings. At that time, the venerable Pūrṇa Maitrāyaṇīputra arose, draped his shawl over one shoulder, and knelt on his right knee. With his palms joined together in the direction of the Blessed One he said, “Blessed One, I have a few questions to ask you. Thus-Gone One, please consider me with love and grant me this request.”
1.2我是這樣聽說的：當時世尊住在王舍城竹林園，與為數眾多的比丘僧團以及無數的菩薩大士們在一起。那時，尊者富樓那彌多羅尼子從座而起，將袈裟披在一肩上，右膝著地。雙手合十朝向世尊說道：「世尊，我有幾個問題想請教您。如來啊，請您以愛心考慮我這個請求吧。」
1.3“Pūrṇa Maitrāyaṇīputra,” replied the Blessed One, “ask me whatever you wish. I will instruct you genuinely and satisfy your mind.”
1.3世尊回答說：「富樓那彌多羅尼子，你儘管提出想要詢問的任何問題。我會真誠地為你開示，滿足你的心願。」
1.4“Blessed One,” said the venerable Pūrṇa, “I have questions about the bodhisattva great beings who have accomplished the highest qualities and attained superior and far-reaching renown, and who pursue the happiness of sentient beings at all times.” And the venerable Pūrṇa Maitrāyaṇīputra then put his questions in these verses:
1.4「世尊，」尊者富樓那說道，「我有關於那些已經成就最高品質、獲得殊勝且遠大聲譽，並且時刻追求眾生幸福的菩薩大士的問題。」於是尊者富樓那彌多羅尼子以這些偈頌提出他的問題：
“I have questions about those「我想請教那些
Who have accomplished the highest qualities,已成就最高品質的菩薩，
Who have attained superior and far-reaching renown,已經獲得殊勝且遠大的名聞，
And who observe pure discipline and conduct devoted to the Dharma.以及那些奉行淨戒律，專心致力於法的人。
“How do they train their minds?「他們如何訓練自己的心？
How do they practice generosity on a vast scale?他們如何大規模地修行布施？
How do they liberate sentient beings?他們如何解脫眾生？
How do they constantly cultivate the path with a joyful mind?他們如何以喜悅之心不斷修行菩提道？
1.7“Blessed One,” continued Pūrṇa Maitrāyaṇīputra, [F.169.a] “I have questions about these holy beings. How do bodhisattvas amass great knowledge, such that it will not be exhausted, like the ocean? Having amassed a precious treasure of erudition, how is it that, by comprehending the meaning that is definitive with regard to all phenomena, they correctly penetrate the meaning of words?” He then spoke again in verse:
1.7「世尊，」富樓那彌多羅尼子繼續說道，「我對這些聖者有疑問。菩薩們如何積聚偉大的智慧，使其永不枯竭，就像大海一樣？既然已經積聚了寶貴的學問寶藏，他們怎樣通過領悟一切現象的決定義，而正確地深入理解言詞的義理？」他接著用偈頌再次說道：
“How do bodhisattvas seek「菩薩如何求
A level of erudition like a vast ocean,猶如廣大海洋般的學問境界，
And having comprehended the meaning that is definitive with regard to phenomena,並且領悟了關於諸法的決定義理，
How do they gain an understanding of the path to awakening?他們如何獲得對菩提道的理解？
“How do they understand boundless meanings「他們如何理解無邊的意義
Through a single word,通過一個詞語，
So that, through the power of such insight,使得他們藉由這種觀的力量，
They can comprehend all phenomena?他們能夠理解一切現象？
“Since their erudition is infinite,「因為他們的學問是無邊的，
Their minds do not waver, even when faced with opponents.他們的心念即使面對對手也不會動搖。
Teaching the Dharma out of compassion,出於悲心而宣說法。
They eliminate the doubts of sentient beings.他們消除眾生的疑惑。
1.11“Blessed One,” continued the venerable Pūrṇa Maitrāyaṇīputra, “I have another question for the Thus-Gone One about the force of the wisdom that follows from the attainment of the bodhisattva levels. How is it that bodhisattva great beings’ progress toward unsurpassed and perfect awakening will be irreversible?” He then went on in verse:
1.11「世尊，」尊者富樓那彌多羅尼子繼續說道，「我還有另一個問題要請問如來，關於菩薩地位成就所產生的智慧之力。菩薩大士們朝向無上正等正覺的進展怎樣才能不退轉呢？」他接著以偈頌的方式說道：
“Having abandoned the states without freedom,「已經捨離了無自在的狀態，
How do they encounter many buddhas?菩薩如何遇見眾多的佛陀？
And having seen many buddhas,見到許多佛陀後，
How do they swiftly develop sincere faith?他們怎樣迅速地培養真誠的信心？
“Having developed that unsurpassed type of faith,「已經生起了那無上的信心，
How do they give away that which is extremely difficult to give away?他們是如何捨棄那最難捨棄的東西呢？
Having completely given everything away,完全捨棄了一切之後，
How with that force do they practice unhindered on the path?他們以那股力量如何在道上無礙地修行？
“Having developed the aspiration to go forth,「發起出家的願，
How do they cultivate the wisdom of emptiness in isolated places?他們如何在隔絕的地方修行空的智慧？
How do they act in ways that do not contradict the Dharma?他們如何行為不違背法的方式而行動？
Please elucidate these matters.請為我開示這些事理。
1.15“Blessed One,” continued the venerable Pūrṇa Maitrāyaṇīputra, “the thus-gone ones have reached perfect omniscience. They have mastered all miraculous powers and are the supreme beings within the three realms. [F.169.b] Having achieved incomparable, sublime wisdom, they know how to put the Dharma into action in an unhindered manner. These are the reasons why I ask you these questions.” He again spoke in verse:
1.15「世尊，」尊者富樓那彌多羅尼子繼續說道，「如來已經達到了圓滿的一切種智。他們已經掌握了所有的神通，是三界中最殊勝的眾生。[F.169.b]已經成就了無比殊勝的智慧，他們知道如何以無礙的方式實踐法。這些就是我提出這些問題的原因。」他再次用偈語說道：
“Blessed One, since you possess the most sublime qualities,「世尊，由於您具備最殊勝的功德，
Since you master the miraculous displays,因為你已經證得無礙智，
And since you have reached unimpeded wisdom,既然你已證得無礙智，
I ask these questions of you, great hero.我向您提出這些問題，偉大的英雄。
“Since you are perfectly trained in all Dharma teachings,「既然你已完全掌握所有法教，
Since your qualities are superior and outstanding,因為你的品質超越卓越，
And since you radiate the light of wisdom that dispels darkness,而且你散發出智慧之光，驅散黑暗，
You bring delight to the multitudes who attend you.你使得眾多親近你的人得到歡喜。
“You are free from attachment and aversion to friends and enemies;你超越了對親友和敵人的貪著與瞋恨。
You are free from sorrow and deception.你遠離了憂愁和欺誑。
You have conquered the Lord of Death,你已經征服了死亡之主，
And defeated the armies of Māra.並且擊敗了魔羅的軍隊。
“Without brandishing any weapon,「無需任何武器揮舞，
You have defeated all your enemies.你已經戰勝了所有的敵人。
With a mind always filled with love,心中常懷滿溢的愛，
You firmly maintain pure discipline.你堅定地維持淨戒律。
“Blessed One, you are free of deceit and guile,世尊，您遠離虛誑和欺騙。
Free of pride, and free of arrogance.遠離驕慢，遠離自滿。
Since you have attained the knowledge of liberation,既然你已經獲得了解脫的智慧，
You possess the highest of all qualities.您具足最高的一切品質。
“How did you, in the past, reach supreme knowledge「你過去是如何證得最高的智慧
By means of practicing on the path?是通過在道上修行而覺悟的嗎？
How did you awaken through practice?你是如何通過修行而覺悟的？
Please explain this to me!”請為我解說這個！
1.22In response, the Blessed One said to the venerable Pūrṇa Maitrāyaṇīputra, “These questions you ask of the Thus-Gone One are excellent, excellent! Listen carefully and pay attention. I will now teach you how bodhisattvas give rise to their intention and then accomplish the immeasurable qualities of a buddha.” The Blessed One then uttered these verses:
1.22世尊對尊者富樓那彌多羅尼子說：「你向如來提出的這些問題實在是很好、很好！你要仔細聽，專心注意。我現在要為你說明菩薩如何發起菩提心，然後成就佛陀的無量功德。」世尊隨後宣說了這些偈：
“I will explain to you now我現在為你解釋
How bodhisattvas first give rise to the mind set on awakening,菩薩最初如何生起菩提心，
And then practice on the path to awakening,然後在菩提道上修行，
Through the power of their intensive diligence.通過他們精進的力量。
“There are many kinds of good intentions「有許多種善的意念
That bodhisattvas apply in their activity;那些菩薩在其活動中所運用的因素；
And those factors, which the buddhas have explained而且那些因素，諸佛陀已經解釋過
In detail, I will briefly teach you.我將為你詳細簡要地講述這些。
“The devotion to the Dharma to which they give rise [F.170.a]「他們所生起的對法的虔説
Through these extraordinary attitudes is immeasurable—it is infinite.通過這些不尋常的態度是無量的——它是無邊無際的。
That they display their many kinds of activities他們展現出許多種類的活動
Is not brought about through one thing alone.並非由單一事物所產生。
“It is joy blossoming in their minds「心中盛開的喜悅
That makes bodhisattvas perform acts of generosity,這使得菩薩們進行布施的行為。
And since they practice generosity without having regrets,由於他們修行布施沒有悔恨，
Their minds become more joyful.他們的心變得更加歡喜。
“Bodhisattvas think,菩薩這樣想著：
‘Since sentient beings are always impoverished,因為眾生常常貧困，
They do not possess the wealth of erudition.他們不具備學問的財富。
So I must pursue such wealth!所以我必須追求這樣的財富！
“ ‘Sentient beings, though always impoverished,「『眾生雖然常常貧窮，
Fall under the influence of laziness.陷入懶惰的影響。
I must therefore develop my diligence我因此必須培養精進
And reach the state of awakening!而獲得覺悟的境地！
“ ‘With the thought that it is for the sake of sentient beings,「'為了眾生的緣故而發心，
I shall cultivate patience.我將修行忍辱。
Even if I am insulted or beaten,即使我被辱罵或毆打，
I will not say anything in return.我不會回說什麼。
“ ‘Who is abusing me?「誰在辱罵我？
Since an abuser cannot be perceived,由於施加辱罵的人無法被認知，
And those who are angry are empty!’而那些生氣的人都是空性的！
“It is because they think in that way「這是因為他們的想法是這樣的
That their minds are devoid of aggression and resentment.他們的心中沒有侵害和怨恨。
Since they always cultivate patience,由於他們經常修習忍辱，
They will become perfect buddhas.他們將成為正遍知佛。
“Acting as lamps within the world,「在世界中充當光明，
They provide protection and refuge他們提供保護和皈依
To sentient beings whose minds are not inclined toward virtue,對於心意不傾向於善根的眾生，
And they cause the impoverished to become wealthy.他們使貧窮者變得富有。
“They think, ‘Since sentient beings who follow mistaken paths「他們想著：『既然追隨邪道的眾生
Are the objects of my compassion,是我悲心的對象，
I shall liberate them我要解脫他們
And establish them in nirvāṇa!’並將他們安立於涅槃中！」
“They think, ‘Since all sentient beings are impoverished,「他們認為：『因為一切眾生都貧困，
They do not possess the wealth of insight.他們不具備觀的財富。
After reaching the state of omniscience,證得一切種智之後，
I shall bring them satiation.’我將使他們得到滿足。
“It is in such ways that bodhisattvas,菩薩就是以這樣的方式，
In order to liberate sentient beings,為了解脫眾生，
Keep persevering on the path堅定不移地在道上持續精進
As they engender the mind set on awakening and strive for it.”當他們生起菩提心並為之努力。
1.36The Blessed One then said to the venerable Pūrṇa Maitrāyaṇīputra, “Through these different causes and conditions, bodhisattva great beings teach the Dharma to sentient beings; yet they do not dwell on just some Dharma teachings. Why is that? Because it is after having correctly trained in all Dharma teachings [F.170.b] that bodhisattvas will later become perfect buddhas.
1.36世尊對尊者富樓那彌多羅尼子說：「菩薩大士通過這些不同的因緣，為眾生宣說法教；但他們並不執著於某些法教。這是為什麼呢？因為菩薩只有在正確學習和修習了一切法教之後，才能夠後來成為正遍知佛。
1.37“Bodhisattvas have four amazing and marvelous attitudes, compared to which they see no other Dharma teaching as more important. What are the four? (1) That which makes bodhisattvas cultivate diligence with regard to lazy beings; this is the first amazing and marvelous attitude. (2) That which makes them cultivate patience while they are among obstinate sentient beings full of aggression; this is the second amazing and marvelous attitude. (3) That which makes them persevere on the correct path themselves, seeing sentient beings practicing on mistaken paths; this is the third amazing and marvelous attitude. (4) That which makes them give rise to the mind set on unsurpassed and perfect awakening with the extraordinary resolve to liberate sentient beings from saṃsāra; this is the fourth amazing and marvelous attitude. Pūrṇa, these four amazing and marvelous attitudes are known as the supreme, amazing, and marvelous attitudes of bodhisattvas.” At that moment, the Blessed One uttered these verses:
1.37「菩薩有四種希有妙法，比之於其他法教，菩薩都不認為更重要。那四種呢？（1）使菩薩對懈怠眾生培養精進的法，這是第一種希有妙法。（2）使菩薩對性情頑固、充滿侵害性的眾生培養忍辱的法，這是第二種希有妙法。（3）使菩薩自己堅持正確道路，看到眾生走上錯誤道路時，菩薩仍然堅持不動搖的法，這是第三種希有妙法。（4）使菩薩升起無上正等正覺的菩提心，以超凡的誓願來解救眾生脫離輪迴的法，這是第四種希有妙法。富樓那，這四種希有妙法被稱為菩薩最殊勝、希有、妙妙的法。」在那時刻，世尊說出了這些偈：
“When bodhisattvas see lazy beings,當菩薩見到懶惰的眾生時，
It incites them to develop their diligence.這促使他們發展自己的精進。
The thought never occurs to them他們心中沒有出現任何的念頭
Of showing them anything contrary to the Dharma.向他們示現違背於法的任何東西。
“They think, ‘I will not show anger;他們想著，『我將不會顯露瞋怒；
Aggression is not the path of the buddhas.’「瞋怒不是佛陀的道。」
Because they consistently cultivate love,因為他們持續地修習愛。
The awakened state is born from that attitude.覺悟的境界由這種態度而生。
“Sentient beings follow mistaken paths眾生追隨錯誤的道
Because they are attracted to them.因為他們被吸引到他們身上。
Bodhisattvas pursue the correct path菩薩追求正確的道。
And establish sentient beings on that path.並將眾生安立於該道。
“Since they perceive the defects of saṃsāra,「既然他們察覺到輪迴的缺陷，
They one-pointedly pursue the wisdom of the buddhas.他們一心一意地追求佛陀的智慧。
They think, ‘I shall obtain the unsurpassed treasure他們想著：「我將獲得無上的寶藏」
And then liberate sentient beings.’然後解救眾生。
“There is nothing greater「沒有什麼比這些希有的心態更加偉大的。
Than these marvelous attitudes.比這些希有的心態沒有更殊勝的。
You should know that these bodhisattvas你應當知道，這些菩薩
Will thereby develop qualities without impediment. [F.171.a]因此就能夠無礙地發展諸種功德。
“If laziness should arise in their minds,「如果懈怠在他們的心中生起，
They swiftly clear it away,他們迅速消除它，
As if the clothes on their body were burning就像自己身上穿著的衣服著火一樣
Or their hair had caught fire.或者他們的頭髮著了火。
1.44“Pūrṇa,” continued the Blessed One, “if bodhisattvas possess four qualities, joy will be born in their minds. What are the four? (1) When bodhisattvas see that sentient beings remain in saṃsāra and do not cultivate diligence, but see that they themselves remain on the path of the buddhas and do cultivate diligence, joy will be born in their minds. (2) When bodhisattvas see that sentient beings are constantly overwhelmed by laziness, but they see that they themselves diligently follow the teachings of the buddhas, joy will be born in their minds. (3) When bodhisattvas see that sentient beings are aggressive, resentful, and jealous, yet they see that they themselves are free from aggression, resentment, and jealousy and always manifest an attitude of love, joy will be born in their minds. (4) When bodhisattvas see that no one matches their diligence in accomplishing the qualities of the buddhas, joy will be born in their minds.”
1.44「富樓那，」世尊繼續說道，「如果菩薩具備四種特質，喜悅就會在他們的心中生起。這四種是什麼呢？（1）當菩薩看到眾生仍在輪迴中，不精進修行，而看到他們自己走在佛陀的道路上，精進修行，喜悅就會在他們的心中生起。（2）當菩薩看到眾生經常被懶惰所淹沒，而他們自己勤奮地追隨佛陀的教導，喜悅就會在他們的心中生起。（3）當菩薩看到眾生富有侵略性、充滿怨恨和嫉妒，而他們自己看到他們自己沒有侵略性、沒有怨恨和嫉妒，並經常展現愛的態度，喜悅就會在他們的心中生起。（4）當菩薩看到沒有人在成就佛陀的特質上能與他們的精進相匹敵，喜悅就會在他們的心中生起。」
At that moment, the Blessed One uttered these verses:
“Bodhisattvas develop their diligence菩薩們培養他們的精進
When they see lazy beings.當他們看到懶惰的眾生時。
Joy will be born in their minds.喜悅將會在他們的心中生起。
“Since bodhisattvas perceive the defects of saṃsāra,「因為菩薩們認知輪迴的過失，
Weariness has arisen in their minds.他們的心中生起了厭倦。
Fearing the prison of the three realms,害怕三界的牢獄，
They reject it with great efforts.他們以巨大的努力拒絕它。
“Sentient beings are fond of aggression and resentment,「眾生喜好侵犯和怨恨，
But bodhisattvas are loving.但菩薩們充滿慈愛。
Therefore, joy and happiness因此，喜悅和快樂
Will be born in their minds.會在他們的心中生起。
“Because of not engaging in any of the activities「因為不從事任何活動
Performed by ordinary beings,由凡夫眾生所進行的，
They think, ‘I shall pursue他們想著：「我將追求
The path of the unsurpassed buddhas.’無上佛陀的道。
“They think, ‘I shall train他們想著，『我要修習
In the authentic wisdom在真實的智慧中
Praised by the buddhas [F.171.b]受到佛陀的讚歎
And become a refuge for all beings.’並成為一切眾生的皈依。
“Therefore, since joy always arises「因此，既然喜悅時常生起
In the minds of bodhisattvas,在菩薩的心中，
From untrue, conditioned phenomena從虛假的有為法
They develop genuine qualities.他們培養真實的善根。
1.51“Pūrṇa,” continued the Blessed One, “if bodhisattvas possess four qualities, they will be free from the unfree states, and having obtained the complete freedom to do so they will attain the qualities of a buddha without wasting that opportunity. What are the four? (1) Since the minds of bodhisattvas are humble and gentle, they always express the wish for sentient beings to be happy when they see them, and they always speak sincerely and smile while engaging in conversation with someone. (2) Since bodhisattvas pursue the Dharma one-pointedly and are always strongly dedicated to investigating it, they insatiably pursue virtue and exert themselves toward it. (3) Bodhisattvas are attracted to isolated places and enjoy remaining in solitude. (4) Bodhisattvas follow the path of awakening and encourage others to follow the same path. If bodhisattvas possess these four qualities, they will be free from the states that lack freedom, and having obtained the complete freedom to do so they will attain the qualities of a buddha without wasting that opportunity.” At that moment, the Blessed One uttered these verses:
1.51「富樓那，」世尊繼續說道，「如果菩薩具備四種功德，他們將遠離不自由的狀態，獲得完全的自由後，他們將證得佛陀的功德而不浪費這個機會。那四種是什麼呢？（1）菩薩的心謙虛溫柔，當他們看到眾生時，總是表達希望眾生幸福的願望，他們在與他人交談時總是真誠說話並面帶微笑。（2）菩薩專一地追求法，總是全力投入對法的探究，他們對善根的追求永無止盡，並為此而努力。（3）菩薩被隔離的地方所吸引，享受獨處。（4）菩薩遵循覺悟之道，並勸導他人追隨同樣的道路。如果菩薩具備這四種功德，他們將遠離缺乏自由的狀態，獲得完全的自由後，他們將證得佛陀的功德而不浪費這個機會。」就在那時，世尊說出了這些偈：
“Since their minds are flexible,「因為他們的心靈柔軟，
And since they always cultivate love,而且他們總是修習愛心，
Bodhisattvas remain humble and speak honestly菩薩保持謙虛並誠實言說
In conversing with sentient beings.在與眾生交談時。
“They always pursue the profound and sublime Dharma他們始終追求深邃而殊勝的法。
Praised by the buddhas.受到佛陀的讚歎。
They always maintain pure discipline,他們始終保持清淨的戒律，
And are always inclined to engage in spiritual trainings.而且時常樂於從事精神修行。
“While observing the virtues of ascetic practice,「在奉持頭陀行的善根時，
They also practice with profound insight.他們也以深的觀修行。
Therefore, bodhisattvas will leave behind因此，菩薩將會捨棄
The unfree states, and obtain the freedoms.不自由的境界，並獲得自由。
“Since they always request the buddhas「由於他們時常祈求佛陀
To teach the profound Dharma,教授深法，
Their insight will increase,他們的觀會增長，
And they will never again be born into unfree states.他們將永遠不會再投生到不自由的狀態。
“Always attracted to solitary places,常樂獨處之地，
They engage in pure trainings. [F.172.a]他們從事清淨的修習。
Thus, bodhisattvas will leave behind因此，菩薩們將會捨棄
The unfree states and obtain the freedoms.不自由的狀態，並且獲得自由。
“If intelligent and wise persons「若聰慧的人
Rely on these four qualities,依靠這四種功德，
They will leave the unfree states behind他們將離開不自由的狀態。
And encounter many buddhas.並且遇見許多佛陀。
“In the presence of those many buddhas,在眾多佛陀的面前，
They will be filled with incorruptible faith.他們將被充滿不壞的信心。
Developing the highest form of diligence,培養最高的色精進，
They will pursue the wisdom of the buddhas.他們將追求佛陀的智慧。
“Therefore, those who pursue wisdom「因此，那些追求智慧的人
Should train in the authentic Dharma.應當修習真正的法。
If they do so, it will not be hard for them如果他們這樣做，對他們來說就不會困難了。
To reach the path of awakening.”因此，追求智慧的人應當修學正法。如果這樣做，對他們來說達到覺道就不會困難。學問
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1.60This was the first chapter, The Conduct of Bodhisattvas.
