Glossary
Types of attestation for names and terms of the corresponding source language
This term is attested in a manuscript used as a source for this translation.
This term is attested in other manuscripts with a parallel or similar context.
This term is attested in dictionaries matching Tibetan to the corresponding language.
The attestation of this name is approximate. It is based on other names where the relationship between the Tibetan and source language is attested in dictionaries or other manuscripts.
This term is a reconstruction based on the Tibetan phonetic rendering of the term.
This term is a reconstruction based on the semantics of the Tibetan translation.
This term has been supplied from an unspecified source, which most often is a widely trusted dictionary.
g.1
Avīci hell
Wylie: mnar med pa
Tibetan: མནར་མེད་པ།
Sanskrit: avīci
The lowest hell; the eighth of the eight hot hells.
g.2
Bhīkṣmasvaragarjitarājā
Wylie: ’jigs pa’i sgra sgrogs rgyal po
Tibetan: འཇིགས་པའི་སྒྲ་སྒྲོགས་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit: bhīkṣmasvaragarjitarājā
A tathāgata associated with Jñānolka.
g.3
Dhāraṇīśvararāja
Wylie: gzungs kyi dbang phyug rgyal po
Tibetan: གཟུངས་ཀྱི་དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit: dhāraṇīśvararāja
A bodhisattva.
g.4
Jñānolka
Wylie: ye shes ta la la
Tibetan: ཡེ་ཤེས་ཏ་ལ་ལ།
Sanskrit: jñānolka
A tathāgata.
g.5
Mañjuśrī, the youthful
Wylie: ’jam dpal gzhon nur gyur pa
Tibetan: འཇམ་དཔལ་གཞོན་ནུར་གྱུར་པ།
Sanskrit: mañjuśrīkumārabhūta
Mañjuśrī is one of the “eight close sons of the Buddha” and a bodhisattva who embodies wisdom. He is a major figure in the Mahāyāna sūtras, appearing often as an interlocutor of the Buddha. In his most well-known iconographic form, he is portrayed bearing the sword of wisdom in his right hand and a volume of the Prajñāpāramitāsūtra in his left. To his name, Mañjuśrī, meaning “Gentle and Glorious One,” is often added the epithet Kumārabhūta, “having a youthful form.” He is also called Mañjughoṣa, Mañjusvara, and Pañcaśikha.
g.6
Samantabhadra
Wylie: kun tu bzang po
Tibetan: ཀུན་ཏུ་བཟང་པོ།
Sanskrit: samantabhadraḥ
A bodhisattva.
g.7
Satyavādin
Wylie: bden gsung
Tibetan: བདེན་གསུང་།
Sanskrit: satyavādin
A tathāgata associated with Jñānolka.
g.8
Suvarṇaprabhākūṭanirbhāsa
Wylie: ’od brtsegs snang ba
Tibetan: འོད་བརྩེགས་སྣང་བ།
Sanskrit: suvarṇaprabhākūṭanirbhāsa
A tathāgata associated with Jñānolka.
g.9
Vajrapāṇi
Wylie: phyag na rdo rje
Tibetan: ཕྱག་ན་རྡོ་རྗེ།
Sanskrit: vajrapāṇi
Vajrapāṇi means “Wielder of the Vajra.” In the Pali canon, he appears as a yakṣa guardian in the retinue of the Buddha. In the Mahāyāna scriptures he is a bodhisattva and one of the “eight close sons of the Buddha.” In the tantras, he is also regarded as an important Buddhist deity and instrumental in the transmission of tantric scriptures.