The Translation
[F.271.a]
1.1Homage, with devotion, to the noble Three Jewels.
1.1恭敬禮敬殊勝的三寶。
Thus did I hear at one time. The Bhagavān was staying in the Bhesakalā grove deer park at Suṃsumāragiri in the country of the Bhaggas. Early one morning, the Bhagavān, having donned his outer robe and taken up his bowl, went to the dwelling of the householder Nakulapitā and, having approached, sat down on a prepared seat. Then the householders Nakulapitā and Nakulamātā approached the Bhagavān, greeted him reverently, and sat down to one side.
我是這樣聽說的。有一次，薄伽梵住在跋耆國沈沈羅山的醫樹林鹿園中。清晨時分，薄伽梵穿上上衣，拿起缽，前往居士那句羅父的住處，到了之後，坐在準備好的座位上。然後居士那句羅父和那句羅母來到薄伽梵面前，恭敬地向他問候，並坐在一旁。
1.2Sitting to one side, the householder Nakulapitā addressed the Bhagavān: “Ever since, Venerable Bhagavān, the householder Nakulamātā was brought to me as a young girl when I was still a child, not even the thought of being unfaithful to Nakulamātā has occurred to me, and there has been no physical wrongdoing. Bhagavān, this is our mutual experience in this life , and we wish to share this experience in other lives, too.”
1.2居士那句羅父坐在一旁，向薄伽梵說道：「尊敬的薄伽梵，自從那句羅母作為年輕的女子被帶到我身邊時，我還是個孩子，我對那句羅母從未生起不忠的念頭，也沒有身體上的過失。薄伽梵，這是我們在現法中共同的經歷，我們希望在其他生命中也能分享這樣的經歷。」
1.3Then the householder Nakulamātā addressed the Bhagavān: “Ever since, Venerable Bhagavān, I was brought as a girl to householder Nakulapitā when he was still young, not even the thought of being unfaithful to Nakulapitā has occurred to me, and there has been no physical wrongdoing. Bhagavān, this is our mutual experience in this life , and we wish to share this experience in other lives, too.”
1.3那時，居士那句羅母對薄伽梵說道：「尊敬的薄伽梵啊，自從我年輕時被帶到居士那句羅父身邊以來，我甚至沒有產生過對那句羅父不忠的念頭，在行為上也沒有任何過錯。薄伽梵啊，這是我們在現法中共同的經驗，我們希望在其他生世中也能分享這種經驗。」
1.4Then the Bhagavān said, “When a husband and wife both have that wish and have had this mutual experience in this life , they will share this experience in other lives, too. By being equal in faith, [F.271.b] equal in ethical discipline, equal in generosity, and equal in wisdom, both of you have had this mutual experience in this life , and you will share this experience in other lives, too.”
1.4薄伽梵說：「當夫妻雙方都有這樣的願望，並且在現法中有這樣的共同經歷，他們也將在其他生世中共享這樣的經歷。由於你們在信上相等、在持戒上相等、在布施上相等，以及在智慧上相等，你們雙方在現法中有了這樣的共同經歷，你們也將在其他生世中共享這樣的經歷。」
Then he spoke the following verses:
然後他誦出以下偈頌：
“Therefore, one should guard the five precepts.
「因此，一個人應當守護五戒。
1.8“These are (1) refraining from killing, (2) refraining from taking what has not been given, (3) refraining from sexual misconduct, (4) refraining from lying, and (5) refraining from drinking alcohol that leads to intoxication. These are the five precepts that one should guard.”
1.8「這些是（1）不殺生，（2）不偷盜，（3）不邪淫，（4）不妄語，以及（5）不飲酒。這些就是應當守護的五戒。」
1.9The monks then inquired about the benefits of the five disciplines : “How else, Venerable Bhagavān, should the karmic fruition of refraining from killing be understood? How should the karmic fruition of refraining from taking what has not been given be understood? How should the karmic fruition of refraining from sexual misconduct be understood? How should the karmic fruition of refraining from lying be understood? And how should the karmic fruition of refraining from drinking alcohol that leads to intoxication be understood?”
1.9比丘們隨後詢問關於五學的功德："尊敬的薄伽梵，我們應當如何理解不殺生的業果？應當如何理解不偷盜的業果？應當如何理解不邪淫的業果？應當如何理解不妄語的業果？以及應當如何理解不飲酒的業果？"
1.10The Bhagavān responded to their questions so as to be well understood: “Monks, you should regard killing as being like a venomous snake. It is accompanied by many wrongdoings and leads to rebirth in the realm of ghosts, the animal realm, and the hell realms. After the destruction of the body, after death, one will be born in the Reviving Hell. There, the guardians of the Reviving Hell [F.272.a] will thoroughly roast one’s body, and then cut it to pieces with a variety of blades and gouge holes in it. Forced to undergo the so-called “fivefold ordeal,” the denizens of this hell repeatedly die and are repeatedly revived and reborn in the Reviving Hell.
1.10薄伽梵回應他們的問題，以便被好好理解："比丘們，你們應當把殺生看作像毒蛇一樣。它伴隨著許多惡行，導致轉生到餓鬼界、畜生道和地獄界。身體破壞後，死亡後，一個人將被生於復甦地獄。在那裡，復甦地獄的守衛將徹底烤烘一個人的身體，然後用各種刀片把它切成碎片並戳出洞來。被迫經歷所謂的"五大苦刑"，這個地獄的居民反覆死亡，反覆復甦並重新生於復甦地獄。
1.11“The karmic fruition for those who weightily take life is to be overwhelmed again and again by all these terrible, harsh, and intense sufferings of the Reviving Hell. Even if they are reborn as a human, their lives will be short, their sense faculties defective. They will be ugly, lacking insight, always fearful, and always angry. They will be disease ridden, full of sorrow, and devoid of joy. They will have nothing, and they will have nothing for a very long time.”
1.11「那些重大地殺生的人，其業果就是會一次又一次地被復甦地獄中所有這些可怕、嚴酷、劇烈的苦難所淹沒。即使他們轉生為人，壽命也會很短，根有所缺陷。他們將會醜陋、缺乏智慧、常常恐懼、常常憤怒。他們會多病纏身、充滿悲哀、毫無喜樂。他們將一無所有，並且會長期一無所有。」
For that reason, the Bhagavān has said:
因此，薄伽梵曾經說過：
1.13This is the karmic fruition of killing.
1.13這是殺生的業果。
1.20“After the destruction of the body, after death, [F.272.b] they will be reborn in a happy rebirth-destiny, in heaven, in a deva world.
1.20「身體毀壞後，死亡之後，他們將在善趣、天界、天神世界中重生。
1.21“Stealing means robbing another’s possessions, which have not been given, from their house or room and so on, whether consciously or unconsciously. Those who take from others by deception in order to make a living likewise eventually take what has not been given and will, after the destruction of the body, after death, be reborn in the Wailing hells.
1.21「盜竊是指從他人的房屋或房間等處搶奪未經給予的他人財物，無論是有意還是無意。那些為了生計而用欺騙手段從他人那裡拿取的人，同樣最終會盜竊未被給予的東西，身體毀壞後，死亡後，將轉生到號哭地獄。」
1.22“There are two hells called Wailing: the Wailing Hell of Flames and the Wailing Hell of Smoke. In the Wailing Hell of Flames, life lasts for one cosmic age. At intervals, the entire hell is filled with a blazing fire. In the Wailing Hell of Smoke, fumes billow. In both, the denizens of the Wailing hells are cooked by flames. Fire comes out of their nine orifices and scorches their bodies. In the Wailing Hell of Smoke, beings are cooked as denizens of hell. Fumes come billowing from their nine orifices, and their bodies are cooked like food. The beings in both scream in torment. There they experience terrible, harsh, and intense sufferings.
1.22「有兩種叫喚地獄：火焰叫喚地獄和煙霧叫喚地獄。在火焰叫喚地獄中，壽命持續一劫。間歇性地，整個地獄被熊熊烈火充滿。在煙霧叫喚地獄中，煙霧翻騰。在這兩種地獄中，叫喚地獄的眾生被火焰烹煮。火從他們的九個孔竅中射出，灼傷他們的身體。在煙霧叫喚地獄中，眾生像地獄眾生一樣被烹煮。煙霧從他們的九個孔竅翻騰而出，他們的身體像食物一樣被烹煮。在這兩種地獄中的眾生都在痛苦中尖叫。他們在那裡經歷可怕、殘酷和劇烈的苦難。」
1.23“Stealing, monks, should be regarded as being like a venomous snake. It leads to rebirth in the hells, in the realm of ghosts, and as animals. The karmic fruition for anyone who steals is very grave. Even if reborn as a human, their resources will be depleted, and those who have taken what has not been given will be unable to hold on to even the smallest things. It will be difficult for them to obtain food, drink, clothing, a mat, and so forth. They will be in constant discomfort and will be hateful and hostile toward others. Whatever they do manage to obtain they will lose again, and others will enjoy it instead. What they desire will be difficult to obtain, and things they already possess will not be productive. They will be devoid of happiness.”
1.23「盜竊，比丘們，應該被視為像毒蛇一樣。它導致在地獄、餓鬼界和畜生趣中重生。任何盜竊者的業果都非常嚴重。即使重生為人類，他們的資源也會耗盡，那些拿取未被給予之物的人將無法保住任何最微小的東西。他們很難獲得食物、飲料、衣服、坐墊等。他們將不斷感到不適，並對他人心懷仇恨和敵意。無論他們設法獲得什麼，他們都會再次失去，其他人將享受它。他們想要的東西將很難獲得，他們已經擁有的東西將無法產生效益。他們將沒有快樂。」
For that reason, the Bhagavān has said:
因此，薄伽梵曾說過：
1.25This is the karmic fruition of stealing.
1.25這是盜竊的業果。
“After the destruction of the body, after death, they will be reborn in a happy rebirth-destiny, in heaven, in a deva world.
身體毀壞後，死亡之後，他們將轉生到善趣，在天界，在天神的世界裡。
“Those who are lustful and commit acts of sexual misconduct in this world, after the destruction of the body, after death, will fall and be reborn in the Loud Wailing Hell. Outside, on both banks of the unfordable Vaitaraṇī River, is the Forest of Silk Cotton Trees, equally high, extending upward for eighty yojanas, with thorns sixteen finger-widths in length and downward-hanging branches. Bodies the size of twelve earshots, with flames climbing up their bodies, ascend sixty yojanas, and there they perpetually kill one another with various weapons, which are the leaves of the Forest of Silk Cotton Trees. For many thousands of years they will climb on the thorns of those trees. Moreover, they will be struck with weapons by the guardians of this hell. Crying out, they will fall headlong, and when they land they will be impaled on sharpened stakes set into a ground of burning iron, so that the stakes emerge from their anuses, [F.273.b] causing extreme pain. Constantly wailing, they will stay for an eon in an iron pot sixteen yojanas wide and completely filled with burning coals, which the guardians of hell shove into their mouths.”
「那些在這個世界上淫慾熾盛、犯邪淫的人，身體毀壞、死亡之後，將會墮落並在大叫喚地獄中重生。在無渡河外側的兩岸，有刀葉林，高度相等，向上延伸八十由旬，荊棘長十六指寬，枝條向下垂懸。身體大小如十二俱盧舍，火焰沿著身體攀升六十由旬，他們在那裡用各種武器互相永遠殺害，那些武器就是刀葉林的葉子。他們將在那些樹的荊棘上攀爬許多千年。而且，他們會被地獄守衛用武器擊打。他們哭喊著會頭朝下墜落，當著陸時會被插在燃燒鐵地上的尖銳木樁刺穿，木樁從他們的肛門穿出，造成極端的痛苦。不斷哭號著，他們將在一個寬十六由旬、完全裝滿燃燒煤炭的鐵鍋中待上一劫，地獄守衛會把這個鍋子推入他們的嘴裡。」
For that reason, the Bhagavān has said:
為此，薄伽梵曾說過：
1.34For that reason, the Bhagavān has said, “Monks, sexual misconduct toward what you desire should be regarded as being like a venomous snake. It leads to rebirth in the hells, in the realm of ghosts, and as animals. The karmic fruition for anyone who commits sexual misconduct is very grave. Even if reborn as a human, they will experience great suffering.”
1.34因此，薄伽梵說：「比丘們，對於你們所欲求的邪淫應該視為如同毒蛇一樣。它導致重生到地獄、餓鬼界和動物道。任何人若犯邪淫，其業果是非常嚴重的。即使重生為人，他們也將經歷巨大的苦難。」
For that reason, the Bhagavān has said:
因此，薄伽梵這樣說過：
1.36“They will experience misfortune over many lifetimes. They will have many enemies and will always be among hostile people. Whether sleeping or rising, they will be uncomfortable. They will be constantly angry. They will be disturbed by people. Their bodies will always be hunched. From rebirth to rebirth they will be born deaf and blind and so on. Change for the worse will be certain. They will always be dissatisfied. They will delight in mutual conflict. They will be bereft of faith.
1.36他們將在許多世中遭遇不幸。他們會有很多敵人，總是處在充滿敵意的人群中。無論睡眠或起身，都會感到不舒適。他們會不斷發怒。他們會被人們所擾亂。他們的身體總是彎曲駝背。從一世到另一世，他們將出生為聾人、瞎子等等。衰落變差是必然的。他們總是不滿足。他們樂於互相衝突。他們將失去信。
1.37“After the destruction of the body, after death, they will fall and be reborn in the Loud Wailing Hell. There, they will experience terrible, harsh, and intense suffering.”
1.37「身體破壞後，死亡後，他們會墮落並投生到大叫喚地獄。在那裡，他們會經歷可怕、嚴酷、強烈的痛苦。」
1.38This is the karmic fruition of sexual misconduct.
1.38這是邪淫的業果。
1.46“After the destruction of the body, after death, they will be reborn in a happy rebirth-destiny, in heaven, in a deva world.
1.46身體毀壞、死亡之後，他們將轉生到善趣、天界、天神的世界。
1.48“Any woman who does not fully serve her parents-in-law and does not fully serve her husband, who does not care for her husband, who is not respectful toward her husband’s elder brother, who causes trouble for her husband’s sisters, and who moreover does not put her arms, legs, and back into her work and does not give them the food and drink they want, is not modest and humble toward them, and criticizes her husband and recites texts at him will be reborn in hell. There she will sleep on a floor of burning iron. A flaming iron hook will be inserted into her mouth, as if hooking a fish, and the tip of her tongue will be drawn forth, tied with a rope, and pulled out. After it is pulled it out like that, a big worm, born in the lips at the place where the weapon struck the tip of the tongue, will eat the tongue. Even after it eats only a little, she will be unable to speak. Similarly, she will be cooked there for many thousands of years, [F.274.b] and after being cooked there she will fall again into a great hell.”
1.48「任何婦女不能完全侍奉公婆，不能完全侍奉丈夫，不關心丈夫，對丈夫的哥哥不尊敬，給丈夫的姐妹製造麻煩，而且不用雙臂、雙腿和背部投入工作，不給他們提供他們想要的食物和飲料，對他們不謙虛恭敬，批評丈夫並對著他誦經，她將被投生到地獄。在那裡，她將睡在炙熱的鐵地板上。一個燃燒的鐵鉤會被插入她的嘴裡，就像釣魚一樣，她舌尖會被拉出，用繩子綁住並被拔出。這樣拔出來之後，一條大蟲會在武器擊中舌尖的嘴唇處生出，並吃掉她的舌頭。即使只吃了一點，她也將無法說話。同樣地，她將在那裡被煮上許多千年，被煮過之後，她將再次墮入大地獄。」
For that reason, the Bhagavān has said:
為此，薄伽梵說過：
1.50“Lying, in turn, leads to rebirth in the Black Thread Hell. There, the guardians of that hell, shouting and bellowing and bearing a variety of blazing weapons, drag hell beings one by one onto a floor of burning iron and mark them with burning black thread. Then, holding blazing weapons, they thoroughly transform them as if separating grain from chaff with a winnowing basket, but using hatchets and axes, leaving them screaming and wailing. It is in this Black Thread Hell, drinking one’s own blood, that one is reborn because of telling lies. Here, one will experience terrible, harsh, and intense suffering.
1.50妄語導致被投生到黑線地獄。在那裡，地獄獄卒們叫喊咆哮，手持各種燃燒的武器，把地獄眾生一個一個拖到燃燒的鐵地上，用燃燒的黑線標記他們。之後，他們手持燃燒的武器，用斧頭和斧頭來徹底改造他們，就像用簸箕分離穀粒一樣，把他們留在尖叫和哭喊中。正是在這個黑線地獄裡，因為說謊而喝著自己的血被投生，一個人會經歷可怕、嚴厲和強烈的痛苦。
1.51“Monks, you should keep in mind that lying is like a venomous snake. It produces great suffering and leads to rebirth in the hells, in the realm of ghosts, and as animals. The karmic fruition for anyone who lies is grave. Even if reborn as a human, they will be without compassion. They will have a voice like a crow. They will be poor at speaking. They will have tooth decay, bad breath, and crooked teeth. Their words will be rough and their voice hoarse. They will have bad lips. They will be jealous and have insatiable cravings. And after the destruction of their body, after death, they will be reborn in the Black Thread Hell.”
1.51「比丘們，你們應該記住，妄語如同毒蛇。它產生巨大的痛苦，導致轉生到地獄、餓鬼界和畜生道。任何妄語者的業果都是嚴重的。即使轉生為人類，他們也會缺乏慈悲心。他們的聲音如烏鴉一樣。他們說話很差。他們會有蛀牙、口臭和牙齒不齊。他們的言語粗魯，聲音沙啞。他們會有不好看的嘴唇。他們會嫉妒並有無法滿足的慾望。在身體毀滅之後，死亡之後，他們將轉生到黑線地獄。」
For that reason, the Bhagavān has said:
因此，薄伽梵曾經說過：
1.53This is the karmic fruition of lying.
1.53這是妄語的業果。
1.60“After the destruction of the body, after death, they will be reborn in a happy rebirth-destiny, in a deva world, in heaven.
1.60「身體毀壞、死亡之後，他們將會投生到善趣，投生到天界、天界。」
1.61“That which is called lying is reprehensible. Sons of good family should refrain from pursuing the objects of their desire. Instead they should extract the essence of that which is true and good. That which is called speaking falsehoods serves no purpose. It deceives the world and leads to rebirth in the Hell of Incessant Torture for many future lives. Therefore, one should not lie for the sake of one’s livelihood. Even at such times as when the omniscient one, the Buddha, the Bodhisattva, is concealed, divisive speech, like the color of turmeric, does not last long; like a dagger planted in a heap of chaff, it does not last long; and like a round fruit placed on the back of a horse, it does not last long. So, too, when a word spoken is cut short by a sword, two words will not be uttered. But, by speaking the truth over a long period of time, ascetics and brahmins reach liberation after they die.
1.61「所謂妄語是應該被譴責的。善良的兒子應該停止追求他們欲望的對象。反而應該領會真實和善良的本質。所謂虛誑就是毫無目的。它欺騙世界，導致在許多未來世中重生於無間地獄。因此，不應該為了謀生而說謊。即使在全知者、佛陀、菩薩隱沒的時刻，像薑黃顏色一樣的離間語也不會長久；像刀子插在一堆穀殼裡一樣不會長久；像圓形的果實放在馬背上一樣不會長久。同樣地，當一句被說出的話被刀子截斷時，就不會說出第二句話。但是，通過長時間地說真話，沙門和婆羅門在死後達到解脫。」
1.62“Drinking alcohol leads to falling into and being reborn in the Burning Hell . Beings who have fallen into this hell will be cooked for many thousands of years. After that, they are discarded on the bank of Vaitaraṇī River. With no way across, they try again and again to swim, whereupon the guards of that hell will pull them out with hooks, like fish, and toss them down on the ground of burning iron and bellow, ‘Oi, what do you want?’ ‘Lord, I am parched,’ the beings will reply, and the guardians of that hell will rip open their mouths with red-hot iron hooks and pour molten iron into their gaping mouths. First, their [F.275.b] lips and throats will be scorched. Next their chests burn, then their bowels, and their hearts will burn, too, until the molten iron forces its way out through the anus. Such are the torments they are made to experience, weeping and rolling on the floor in pain. However, even then they will not die. They will experience these sensations, the karmic ripening of their actions, for as long as the fruits of their negative actions last.”
1.62「飲酒會導致墮落並重生在焦熱地獄。墮入這個地獄的眾生將被烹煮許多千年。之後，他們被拋棄在無渡河的河岸上。無法渡過，他們一次又一次地嘗試游泳，於是那個地獄的獄卒會像釣魚一樣用鉤子把他們拉出來，將他們拋在燃燒的鐵地上，呵斥道：『喂，你想要什麼？』眾生會回答：『主人，我口渴了。』那個地獄的守衛就用燙紅的鐵鉤撕開他們的嘴巴，將熔化的鐵倒入他們張開的嘴裡。首先，他們的嘴唇和喉嚨會被灼傷。接著他們的胸部燃燒，然後是腸子，他們的心臟也會燃燒，直到熔化的鐵從肛門衝出。這就是他們所經歷的折磨，他們哭泣著在地上翻滾，痛苦難忍。然而，即使到了這時他們也不會死亡。他們將經歷這些感受——他們行為的業果成熟，直到他們的負面行為之果耗盡為止。」
For that reason, the Bhagavān has said:
薄伽梵因此說過：
1.64“For someone to drink alcohol is not a small misdeed. Even if they are reborn as a human, they will always be absent-minded and as dull, stupid, and unaware as a sheep. Constantly falling asleep, they will be of low intelligence and very ignorant. They will be scared and fearful, doubtful, divisive, untrustworthy, miserly, envious, and without renunciation. They will be without shame, with no sense of decency, and will have poor discernment. They will be unaware of virtuous qualities, and for five hundred lives they will be reborn as yakṣas, for another five hundred as dogs, and they will forever thereafter be reborn as lunatics. These are the harms that ensue from having consumed alcohol.
1.64「對於某人而言，飲酒不是小的過錯。即使他們重生為人類，他們也將始終心不在焉，如同羊一般呆滯、愚蠢且茫然無知。不斷入睡，他們的智力低下且非常無知。他們將感到害怕和恐懼、懷疑、分裂、不可信賴、吝嗇、嫉妒，並且未出家。他們將沒有慚，沒有愧，並且缺乏良好的判斷力。他們將不了解美德的品質，在五百世中他們將重生為夜叉，再在五百世中重生為狗，此後他們將永遠重生為瘋子。這些是飲酒所帶來的傷害。」
1.65This is the karmic fruition of drinking alcohol that leads to intoxication.
1.65這是飲酒導致迷醉的業果。
1.73“After the destruction of the body, after death, they will be reborn in the happy rebirth-destinies of the higher realms, in a deva world, in heaven.
1.73「身體壞滅之後，死亡之後，他們將會投生於善趣，在天界中。」
1.74“These disciplines should be guarded. Any person, whether a man or a woman, who does not guard and cultivate these disciplines will, after the destruction of the body, after death, fall and be reborn in bad or unfortunate rebirth-destinies, in the lower realms. Those who guard and cultivate these disciplines will, after the destruction of the body, after death, be reborn in the happy rebirth-destinies of the higher realms, in a deva world.”
1.74「這些戒律應該要守護。任何人，無論是男性或女性，如果不守護和修習這些戒律，身體毀壞、死亡之後，將會墮落並重生在不好或不幸的惡趣中，在下三道。那些守護和修習這些戒律的人，身體毀壞、死亡之後，將會重生在善趣中，在天界。」
1.75This is what the Bhagavān said, and the monks rejoiced at what the Bhagavān had taught.
1.75這是薄伽梵所說的話，比丘們對薄伽梵的教導感到歡喜。
1.76This concludes “The Sūtra That Teaches the Benefits of the Five Disciplines.”
1.76（結尾）