Notes

n.1Bhaiṣajyavastu, Degé Kangyur vol. 2, F.36b–37a. See translation in Yao (2021), 3.203–205.

n.2Vinayakṣudrakavastu, Degé Kangyur vol. 11, F.239a–239b. See also Jamspal et al. (forthcoming).

n.31. Taishō No. 1 長阿含經; 2. Taishō No. 5 佛般泥洹經; 3. Taishō No. 6 般泥洹經; 4. Taishō 1451 根本說一切有部毘奈耶雜事; 5. Taishō No. 1448 根本說一切有部毘奈耶藥事; 6. Taishō No. 1421 彌沙塞部和醯五分律.

n.4The Tibetan versions in the Vinayavastu and Vinayakṣudrakavastu, as well as the Sanskrit and Chinese versions in the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra, here instead have śiṃśapā (Tib. shing sha pa), which refers to the Indian rosewood tree (Dalbergia sissoo).

n.5All versions except that in the Vinayakṣudrakavastu have a plural here, thus referring to a set of ethical-moral rules. With “discipline” being a well established translation for the Sanskrit śīla and the Tibetan tshul khrims, and the plural “disciplines” being rather misleading in English, we have kept the singular form, though in the sense of a mass noun.

n.6The Vinayakṣudrakavastu and Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra instead read “My births (Skt. jāti; Tib. skye ba) have ceased,” which is another commonly found statement made by an arhat, as taught in other discourses.