Mother of the buddha Merudhvaja.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇagaṇa.

Son of the buddha Mahāyaśas.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇendradeva.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharmacchattra.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dṛḍhakrama (60 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vairocana (344 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Maṇiviśuddha (961 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Tiṣya .

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Janendra.

Mother of the buddha Tīrthakara.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Niyatabuddhi.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Anavanata.

Father of the buddha Uttīrṇapaṅka.

Father of the buddha Kṛtārtha.

The 649th buddha in the first list, 648th in the second list, and 640th in the third list.

The 420th buddha in the first list, 419th in the second list, and 413th in the third list.

The 441st buddha in the first list, 440th in the second list, and 434th in the third list.

The 743rd buddha in the first list, 742nd in the second list, and 732nd in the third list.

The 899th buddha in the first list, 898th in the second list, and 889th in the third list.

The 551st buddha in the first list, 551st in the second list, and 544th in the third list.

The 496th buddha in the first list, 495th in the second list, and 489th in the third list.

The 160th buddha in the first list, 159th in the second list, and 159th in the third list.

Attendant of the buddha Sūryapriya.

Mother of the buddha Akṣobhya .

Mother of the buddha Siṃharaśmi.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vasuśreṣṭha.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmaketu .

Father of the buddha Akṣobhya .

Attendant of the buddha Mayūra.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Abhaya (413 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kathendra (782 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharmabala.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Bhasmakrodha.

Mother of the buddha Ṛṣideva.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Samadhyāyin.

Attendant of the buddha Hutārci .

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vimuktacūḍa.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sūrata (250 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānapriya .

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vibhakta­jñā­svara.

Attendant of the buddha Subhaga.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Lokasundara.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnayaśas.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Rāhucandra.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ūrṇa.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Harivaktra.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhasaṅgha.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vegadhārin (583 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṣpaprabha .

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Maṇigaṇa.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Brahmā (547 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vairocana .

Father of the buddha Merukūṭa.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kṣemaṃkara.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sarva­vara­guṇa­prabha.

Birthplace of the buddha Acala.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahāmeru (47 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Mother of the buddha Vipulabuddhi.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Candrārka.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnacūḍa.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Cārulocana.

Attendant of the buddha Jñānakūṭa.

Birthplace of the buddha Acala .

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vajradhvaja.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dharmacandra.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Laḍita.

Attendant of the buddha Sthāmaśrī.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahauṣadhi.

Birthplace of the buddha Aṅgaja.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Kṛtārtha.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Janendrarāja (965 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratna­svara­ghoṣa (964 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Nāgakrama.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sthāmaśrī.

Birthplace of the buddha Subuddhinetra.

The four qualities of loving kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity.

Someone who exemplifies generosity, their identity is unknown.

Birthplace of the buddha Ratna.

Birthplace of the buddha Mahātejas .

The 846th buddha in the first list, 845th in the second list, and 835th in the third list.

The 955th buddha in the first list, 954th in the second list, and 945th in the third list.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānakīrti (501 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Bodhana (637 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prajñāna­vihāsa­svara (757 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Son of the buddha Mahāmitra.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Praśāntagāmin (871 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ghoṣadatta (555 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Padma (260 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Father of the buddha Dṛḍha.

Attendant of the buddha Anupamaśrī.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Arthakīrti (261 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Attendant of the buddha Oghajaha.

Son of the buddha Brahmagāmin.

Mother of the buddha Puṇyadhvaja.

Father of the buddha Jagatpūjita.

Attendant of the buddha Gambhīramati.

Attendant of the buddha Ugrasena.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Merudhvaja (315 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Mother of the buddha Siṃhaghoṣa.

Birthplace of the buddha Pūjya .

Birthplace of the buddha Dharmadatta.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sthitārtha.

Attendant of the buddha Bhadradatta.

Father of the buddha Padmagarbha .

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhagati .

Son of the buddha Surūpa .

Son of the buddha Vidumati.

Mother of the buddha Ūrṇa.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siṃhagati .

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vibhakta­jñā­svara.

Birthplace of the buddha Vaidya.

Attendant of the buddha Girīndrakalpa.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Girīndrakalpa.

Father of the buddha Nāgabhuja.

Birthplace of the buddha Asaṅgakośa.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnagarbha (440 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Oghajaha.

Son of the buddha Yaśadatta.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sugandha .

Inspiration and courage that manifests in particular endowing one with brilliant abilities in oration.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Cūḍa.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vikrama.

Son of the buddha Yaśas .

The 64th buddha in the first list, 64th in the second list, and 65th in the third list.

The 439th buddha in the first list, 438th in the second list, and 432nd in the third list.

Mother of the buddha Arthamati .

Son of the buddha Sudatta .

The 832nd buddha in the first list, 831st in the second list, and 821st in the third list.

The 560th buddha in the first list, 560th in the second list, and 553rd in the third list.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇakūṭa.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Laḍita.

Birthplace of the buddha Sthitārtha­jñānin.

Birthplace of the buddha Prabhākara.

Birthplace of the buddha Vasuśreṣṭha.

Birthplace of the buddha Ratnagarbha .

Father of the buddha Ābhāsaraśmi.

A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni .

Birthplace of the buddha Puṣpita.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Keturāṣṭra (665 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Father of the buddha Devarāja .

Birthplace of the buddha Maṇḍita.

Birthplace of the buddha Harṣadatta.

Birthplace of the buddha Supuṣpa.

Birthplace of the buddha Puṣpaprabha.

Birthplace of the buddha Padmaraśmi.

Birthplace of the buddha Sugandha .

Birthplace of the buddha Puṣpa.

Birthplace of the buddha Vigatamala.

Birthplace of the buddha Suvayas .

Birthplace of the buddha Ratnaskandha .

Birthplace of the buddha Anāvilārtha.

Birthplace of the buddha Samṛddha .

Birthplace of the buddha Guṇacūḍa.

Birthplace of the buddha Guṇāgradhārin.

Birthplace of the buddha Candra .

Birthplace of the buddha Vigatatamas .

Son of the buddha Brahmagāmin .

Son of the buddha Jñānarāja.

Birthplace of the buddha Ajitagaṇa.

Birthplace of the buddha Brahmadeva.

Birthplace of the buddha Yaśas .

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇaprabha.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ketuprabha.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Maṇḍita.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Drumendra.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pratāpa.

Mother of the buddha Gambhīramati.

Mother of the buddha Tejasprabha.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Arciṣmati.

Birthplace of the buddha Guṇagaṇa.

Birthplace of the buddha Kusumarāṣṭra.

Birthplace of the buddha Somacchattra.

Birthplace of the buddha Anantatejas.

Birthplace of the buddha Śodhita.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sthitārtha­buddhi.

Birthplace of the buddha Amarapriya.

Birthplace of the buddha Manuṣyacandra.

Mother of the buddha Dharaṇīdhara.

Birthplace of the buddha Deveśvara.

Birthplace of the buddha Gaṇendra.

Birthplace of the buddha Guṇottama.

Birthplace of the buddha Saṃjaya .

Birthplace of the buddha Ratnadeva.

Birthplace of the buddha Rāhuguhya.

Attendant of the buddha Hitaiṣin.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Acala.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sumitra.

The 730th buddha in the first list, 729th in the second list, and 719th in the third list.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahātejas .

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Udgata.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Amohavihārin.

Attendant of the buddha Kuśalapradīpa.

The five aggregates of form, feeling, perception, formative predispositions, and consciousness. On the individual level, the five aggregates refer to the basis upon which the mistaken idea of a self is projected. They are referred to as the “bases for appropriation” (Skt. upādāna) insofar as all conceptual grasping arises based on these aggregates.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Devaruta (849 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Birthplace of the buddha Prāmodyarāja .

The 332nd buddha in the first list, 331st in the second list, and 326th in the third list.

Another name for Kauṇḍinya. As he was the first to understand the Buddha’s teaching on the four truths, he received the name Ājñāta­kauṇḍinya (Kauṇḍinya who understood).

The 575th buddha in the first list, 575th in the second list, and 568th in the third list.

Lit. “Not Disturbed” or “Immovable One.” The buddha in the eastern realm of Abhirati. A well-known buddha in Mahāyāna, regarded in the higher tantras as the head of one of the five buddha families, the vajra family in the east.

The 491st buddha in the first list, 490th in the second list, and 484th in the third list.

The 787th buddha in the first list, 786th in the second list, and 776th in the third list.

The 644th buddha in the first list, 643rd in the second list, and 635th in the third list.

A Sāṃkhya teacher with whom Siddhārtha studied.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇasāgara .

Mother of the buddha Śobhita.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Laḍitakrama.

Birthplace of the buddha Suvayas.

Birthplace of the buddha Vidyuddatta .

The 306th buddha in the first list, 305th in the second list, and 300th in the third list.

The 931st buddha in the first list, 930th in the second list, and 921st in the third list.

The 57th buddha in the first list, 57th in the second list, and 58th in the third list.

A buddha who is not listed in the first or third list, but is 502nd in the second list.

The 90th buddha in the first list, 90th in the second list, and 91st in the third list.

The 228th buddha in the first list, 227th in the second list, and 227th in the third list.

The 174th buddha in the first list, 173rd in the second list, and 173rd in the third list.

The 723rd buddha in the first list, 722nd in the second list, and 712th in the third list.

The 207th buddha in the first list, 206th in the second list, and 206th in the third list.

The 189th buddha in the first list, 188th in the second list, and 188th in the third list.

The 283rd buddha in the first list, 282nd in the second list, and 282nd in the third list. Elsewhere this name refers to a buddha of the past; see “ Amitāyus (of the past) .”

A past buddha. His name (meaning “infinite life”) can refer more generally to the buddha associated with longevity and life energy who dwells in the western realm of Sukhāvatī and who is also known as Amitābha (“infinite light”). However, it is uncertain in this text whether this is referring to the same buddha; see n.­45. Elsewhere, this name refers to the buddha who is 283 among the buddhas of the Good Eon; see “Amitāyus (of the Good Eon).”

A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni .

The 60th buddha in the first list, 60th in the second list, and 61st in the third list.

The 652nd buddha in the first list, 651st in the second list, and 643rd in the third list.

The 406th buddha in the first list, 405th in the second list, and 399th in the third list.

The 183rd buddha in the first list, 182nd in the second list, and 182nd in the third list.

The 821st buddha in the first list, 820th in the second list, and 810th in the third list.

The 796th buddha in the first list, 795th in the second list, and 785th in the third list.

The 145th buddha in the first list, 145th in the second list, and 145th in the third list.

The 882nd buddha in the first list, 881st in the second list, and 872nd in the third list.

The 709th buddha in the first list, 708th in the second list, and 698th in the third list.

The 805th buddha in the first list, 804th in the second list, and 793rd in the third list.

The 785th buddha in the first list, 784th in the second list, and 774th in the third list.

A major śrāvaka disciple and personal attendant of the Buddha Śākyamuni during the last twenty-five years of his life. He was a cousin of the Buddha (according to the Mahāvastu, he was a son of Śuklodana, one of the brothers of King Śuddhodana, which means he was a brother of Devadatta; other sources say he was a son of Amṛtodana, another brother of King Śuddhodana, which means he would have been a brother of Aniruddha).Ānanda, having always been in the Buddha’s presence, is said to have memorized all the teachings he heard and is celebrated for having recited all the Buddha’s teachings by memory at the first council of the Buddhist saṅgha, thus preserving the teachings after the Buddha’s parinirvāṇa. The phrase “Thus did I hear at one time,” found at the beginning of the sūtras, usually stands for his recitation of the teachings. He became a patriarch after the passing of Mahākāśyapa.

The 953rd buddha in the first list, 952nd in the second list, and 943rd in the third list.

The 933rd buddha in the first list, 932nd in the second list, and 923rd in the third list.

The 943rd buddha in the first list, 942nd in the second list, and 933rd in the third list.

The 964th buddha in the first list, 963rd in the second list, and 954th in the third list.

The 178th buddha in the first list, 177th in the second list, and 177th in the third list.

The 237th buddha in the first list, 236th in the second list, and 236th in the third list.

The 676th buddha in the first list, 675th in the second list, and 667th in the third list.

The 215th buddha in the first list, 214th in the second list, and 214th in the third list.

The 405th buddha in the first list, 404th in the second list, and 398th in the third list.

The 829th buddha in the first list, 828th in the second list, and 818th in the third list.

The 523rd buddha in the first list, 523rd in the second list, and 516th in the third list.

The 89th buddha in the first list, 89th in the second list, and 90th in the third list.

The 230th buddha in the first list, 229th in the second list, and 229th in the third list.

The 252nd buddha in the first list, 251st in the second list, and 251st in the third list.

The 440th buddha in the first list, 439th in the second list, and 433rd in the third list.

The 355th buddha in the first list, 354th in the second list, and 349th in the third list.

The 414th buddha in the first list, 413th in the second list, and 407th in the third list.

The 289th buddha in the first list, 288th in the second list, and 288th in the third list.

The 868th buddha in the first list, 867th in the second list, and 857th in the third list.

The 486th buddha in the first list, 485th in the second list, and 479th in the third list.

The 44th buddha in the first list, 44th in the second list, and 45th in the third list.

A buddha who is not listed in the first or second list but is 771st in the third list.

The 275th buddha in the first list, 274th in the second list, and 274th in the third list. The Tibetan-Sanskrit correspondence is tentative; see Skilling and Saerji 2016: p. 153 n. 56.

The 267th buddha in the first list, 266th in the second list, and 266th in the third list. We were unable to find an attested correspondence between the Tibetan rangs and the Sanskrit anupama ; see also Skilling and Saerji 2016: p. 152 n.35.

The 813th buddha in the first list, 812th in the second list, and 802nd in the third list.

The 684th buddha in the first list, 683rd in the second list, and 675th in the third list. In regard to the correspondence between the Tibetan rdzogs and the Sanskrit anupama see Skilling and Saerji 2017: p. 325 n. 193.

The 722nd buddha in the first list, 721st in the second list, and 711th in the third list.

The 264th buddha in the first list, 263rd in the second list, and 263rd in the third list.

A nāga king.

The 131st buddha in the first list, 131st in the second list, and 131st in the third list.

The buddha realm of Amitāyus, the name of the realm here indicating that the buddha referred to is Aparimitāyurjñāna, rather than Amitābha of Sukhāvatī.

Birthplace of the buddha Sarva­vara­guṇa­prabha.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mayūra.

Birthplace of the buddha Duṣpradharṣa.

Mother of the buddha Pratibhānakūṭa.

Birthplace of the buddha Vikrāntadeva.

The 866th buddha in the first list, 865th in the second list, and 855th in the third list.

A non-Buddhist teacher.

The 456th buddha in the first list, 455th in the second list, and 449th in the third list.

A buddha who is not listed in the first or second list but is 102nd in the third list.

The 23rd buddha in the first list, 23rd in the second list, and 24th in the third list.

The 506th buddha in the first list, 506th in the second list, and 499th in the third list.

The 588th buddha in the first list, 587th in the second list, and 581st in the third list.

The 320th buddha in the first list, 319th in the second list, and 314th in the third list.

The 136th buddha in the first list, 136th in the second list, and 136th in the third list.

The 278th buddha in the first list, 277th in the second list, and 277th in the third list.

The 338th buddha in the first list, 337th in the second list, and 332nd in the third list.

The 492nd buddha in the first list, 491st in the second list, and 485th in the third list.

The 260th buddha in the first list, 259th in the second list, and 259th in the third list.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Rāhudeva (521 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śuddhaprabha .

Birthplace of the buddha Kṛtārtha.

Attendant of the buddha Rāhugupta.

Father of the buddha Laḍitagāmin.

Father of the buddha Sthitamitra.

Birthplace of the buddha Samṛddhayaśas.

Attendant of the buddha Cāritratīrtha.

Birthplace of the buddha Mārakṣayaṃkara.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇavīrya.

Birthplace of the buddha Jñānin .

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Smṛtiprabha.

Birthplace of the buddha Mahāmitra.

Birthplace of the buddha Sthitārtha­buddhi.

Mother of the buddha Akṣobhyavarṇa.

Birthplace of the buddha Jñānakośa.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnottama.

Birthplace of the buddha Sumati.

Son of the buddha Vimuktilābhin.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Gandhahastin (74 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Attendant of the buddha Vyūharāja.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amitābha (58 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Birthplace of the buddha Manoratha.

Father of the buddha Laḍitavyūha.

A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni .

Father of the buddha Maṇivyūha.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sthita­buddhi­rūpa.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇakūṭa (331 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Mother of the buddha Vimuktilābhin.

An eon following the eon called Great Renown, during which time 84,000 queens of the universal monarch Vast Mind (a previous incarnation of the buddha Dīpaṅkara) will awaken to buddhahood.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Druma (85 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānakūṭa.

Birthplace of the buddha Sūrya.

Birthplace of the buddha Sukrama.

Birthplace of the buddha Raśmijāla.

Birthplace of the buddha Devarāja .

Birthplace of the buddha Amoghagāmin.

Birthplace of the buddha Laḍitavyūha.

Birthplace of the buddha Cāritratīrtha.

One of the seven types of pride. The pride of thinking one has distinct attainments associated with meditative absorption when one does not possess them.

The 389th buddha in the first list, 388th in the second list, and 382nd in the third list.

The 30th buddha in the first list, 30th in the second list, and 31st in the third list.

The 262nd buddha in the first list, 261st in the second list, and 261st in the third list.

The 238th buddha in the first list, 237th in the second list, and 237th in the third list.

The 419th buddha in the first list, 418th in the second list, and 412th in the third list.

The 596th buddha in the first list, 595th in the second list, and 589th in the third list.

The 1000th buddha in the first list, 999th in the second list, and 990th in the third list.

The 152nd buddha in the first list, not listed in the second list, and 151st in the third list.

The 755th buddha in the first list, 754th in the second list, and 744th in the third list.

The 884th buddha in the first list, 883rd in the second list, and 874th in the third list.

The 471st buddha in the first list, 470th in the second list, and 464th in the third list.

The 748th buddha in the first list, 747th in the second list, and 737th in the third list.

The 619th buddha in the first list, 618th in the second list, and 611th in the third list.

The 873rd buddha in the first list, 872nd in the second list, and 863rd in the third list.

The 629th buddha in the first list, 628th in the second list, and 621st in the third list.

The 584th buddha in the first list, 583rd in the second list, and 577th in the third list.

The 527th buddha in the first list, 527th in the second list, and 520th in the third list.

Mother of the buddha Sthāmaprāpta.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Padmaskandha .

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Māradama.

Mother of the buddha Amoghagāmin.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhacandra.

Son of the buddha Jaya.

An optional set of practices that monastics can adopt in order to cultivate greater detachment. The list of practices varies in different sources. When thirteen practices are listed, they consist of (1) wearing patched robes made from discarded cloth rather than from cloth donated by laypeople; (2) wearing only three robes; (3) going for alms; (4) not omitting any house while on the alms round, rather than begging only at those houses known to provide good food; (5) eating only what can be eaten in one sitting; (6) eating only food received in the alms bowl, rather than more elaborate meals presented to the saṅgha; (7) refusing more food after indicating one has eaten enough; (8) dwelling in the forest; (9) dwelling at the root of a tree; (10) dwelling in the open air, using only a tent made from one’s robes as shelter; (11) dwelling in a charnel ground; (12) having satisfaction with whatever dwelling one has; and (13) sleeping in a sitting position without ever lying down.

The 450th buddha in the first list, 449th in the second list, and 443rd in the third list.

The 923rd buddha in the first list, 922nd in the second list, and 913th in the third list.

The 193rd buddha in the first list, 192nd in the second list, and 192nd in the third list.

The 367th buddha in the first list, 366th in the second list, and 361st in the third list.

The 672nd buddha in the first list, 671st in the second list, and 663rd in the third list.

The 25th buddha in the first list, 25th in the second list, and 26th in the third list.

The 990th buddha in the first list, 989th in the second list, and 981st in the third list.

These are aspects of realization that unfold on the path and culminate in the goal of awakening.

Attendant of the buddha Janendrakalpa .

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Abhijñāketu.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Amitābha .

A declaration of one’s aspirations and vows, and/or an invocation and request of the buddhas, bodhisattvas, etc.

Son of the buddha Raśmi.

Mother of the buddha Amitadhara.

The 231st buddha in the first list, 230th in the second list, and 230th in the third list.

Son of the buddha Satya.

Son of the buddha Praśāntagati.

Son of the buddha Vibhaktatejas.

Son of the buddha Tiṣya .

Son of the buddha Drumendra.

Son of the buddha Jñānarata.

Attendant of the buddha Brahmaruta.

Attendant of the buddha Jagadmati.

Son of the buddha Ananta­guṇa­tejorāśi.

Son of the buddha Sugandha .

Son of the buddha Brahmaketu.

Son of the buddha Puṇyatejas.

Son of the buddha Trailokyapūjya.

A merchant.

A type of nonhuman being whose precise status is subject to different views, but is included as one of the six classes of beings in the sixfold classification of realms of rebirth. In the Buddhist context, asuras are powerful beings said to be dominated by envy, ambition, and hostility. They are also known in the pre-Buddhist and pre-Vedic mythologies of India and Iran, and feature prominently in Vedic and post-Vedic Brahmanical mythology, as well as in the Buddhist tradition. In these traditions, asuras are often described as being engaged in interminable conflict with the devas (gods).

The 996th buddha in the first list, 995th in the second list, and 986th in the third list.

The 167th buddha in the first list, 166th in the second list, and 166th in the third list.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahāraśmi .

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Anihatavrata.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharaṇīdhara.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sāgara.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍha.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Devaraśmi.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sthitagandha.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vajra .

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dharmadatta.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Tiṣya .

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ojaṅgama (459 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Son of the buddha Ratnaruta.

Attendant of the buddha Madaprahīṇa.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Candana.

One of the four bases of miraculous power.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Aśoka .

Attendant of the buddha Mahāyaśas.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sthitagandha.

Son of the buddha Mokṣatejas.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇaprabhāsa.

Birthplace of the buddha Sughoṣa .

Birthplace of the buddha Subhaga.

Birthplace of the buddha Mati.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahāsthāman.

Father of the buddha Subhaga.

Son of the buddha Arciṣmati.

Mother of the buddha Vratatapas.

Birthplace of the buddha Ūrṇāvat.

The 984th buddha in the first list, 983rd in the second list, and 974th in the third list.

The 117th buddha in the first list, 117th in the second list, and 118th in the third list.

The 310th buddha in the first list, 309th in the second list, and 304th in the third list.

Son of the buddha Padmapārśva.

Father of the buddha Śrīprabha.

Son of the buddha Arciṣmat .

Birthplace of the buddha Vigatakāṅkṣa.

Mother of the buddha Laḍitavyūha.

Attendant of the buddha Praśānta.

Attendant of the buddha Kanakamuni.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Subāhu.

Attendant of the buddha Praśāntagati.

Attendant of the buddha Pradīparāja .

Attendant of the buddha Śreṣṭha.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jayanandin.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Maṇicūḍa.

Mother of the buddha Vibhakta­jñā­svara.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Tejorāja.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇaratna.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Yaśas (686 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

The 887th buddha in the first list, 886th in the second list, and 877th in the third list.

One of the “eight close sons of the Buddha,” he is also known as the bodhisattva who embodies compassion. In certain tantras, he is also the lord of the three families, where he embodies the compassion of the buddhas. In Tibet, he attained great significance as a special protector of Tibet, and in China, in female form, as Guanyin, the most important bodhisattva in all of East Asia.

The 822nd buddha in the first list, 821st in the second list, and 811th in the third list.

Attendant of the buddha Kusumaraśmi.

Attendant of the buddha Dharmākara.

Son of the buddha Dharaṇīśvara.

Son of the buddha Kṛtārtha.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siṃhagati .

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jagadmati (928 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Attendant of the buddha Jayanandin.

The 835th buddha in the first list, 834th in the second list, and 824th in the third list.

Father of the buddha Mahāprabha.

The 432nd buddha in the first list, 431st in the second list, and 425th in the third list.

The 168th buddha in the first list, 167th in the second list, and 167th in the third list.

The 369th buddha in the first list, 368th in the second list, and 363rd in the third list.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vararūpa (645 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

The 52nd buddha in the first list, 52nd in the second list, and 53rd in the third list.

The 857th buddha in the first list, 856th in the second list, and 846th in the third list.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Buddhimati.

Son of the buddha Caitraka.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhavikrama.

Son of the buddha Siṃhahanu.

Mother of the buddha Indradhvaja.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dharmākara (150 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amoghavikramin (182 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Birthplace of the buddha Mokṣavrata.

Mother of the buddha Abhedyabuddhi.

Birthplace of the buddha Pradānakīrti.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhadhvaja (272 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahātejas .

Father of the buddha Vigataśoka.

Mother of the buddha Sudhana.

Birthplace of the buddha Dharmeśvara .

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnacandra .

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vidhijña.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Bodhyaṅgapuṣpa.

Father of the buddha Vidyuddatta.

Birthplace of the buddha Guṇendrakalpa.

Father of the buddha Ūrṇāvat.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Apagatakleśa.

Mother of the buddha Jyeṣṭhavādin.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Anupama.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Tejorāja (636 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Asaṅgakośa (577 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Attendant of the buddha Guṇārci .

Son of the buddha Siṃhaketu.

Father of the buddha Dharmakūṭa.

Birthplace of the buddha Laḍitavikrama.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmagāmin.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānākara (428 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Father of the buddha Siṃhaghoṣa.

Son of the buddha Anihata .

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Anihatavrata (349 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Father of the buddha Oṣadhi.

Mother of the buddha Pratibhāna­cakṣus.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Suceṣṭa.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Maṇiviśuddha.

Mother of the buddha Netra.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śanairgāmin.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Padma .

Mother of the buddha Oṣadhi .

Son of the buddha Aridama.

Birthplace of the buddha Pradīpa .

Son of the buddha Amarapriya.

Son of the buddha Lokaprabha .

Mother of the buddha Sthitamitra.

Attendant of the buddha Jñānakrama.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇacūḍa.

Mother of the buddha Satyacara.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Laḍitanetra.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Raśmijāla (687 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnayaśas .

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Brahmaruta (734 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Gaganasvara (958 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Surabhigandha (139) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Son of the buddha Mahāpradīpa.

Son of the buddha Praśāntadoṣa.

Attendant of the buddha Śūra.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Arhadyaśas .

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Daśavaśa.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Garjitasvara.

Mother of the buddha Adīnaghoṣa.

Father of the buddha Ghoṣadatta.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Brahmaghoṣa (43 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sūryaraśmi (533 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Gaṇimuktirāja (892 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmamuni.

Birthplace of the buddha Mayūraruta.

Son of the buddha Aśoka .

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Indradhvaja.

Birthplace of the buddha Śuddhaprabha.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Suvayas.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Supuṣpa.

Son of the buddha Sugaṇin.

Mother of the buddha Vikrama.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Arhaddeva.

Attendant of the buddha Prasanna .

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vimatijaha.

Birthplace of the buddha Gaṇin.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vimatijaha.

Father of the buddha Daśaraśmi.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Muktaprabha.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Prajñāna­vihāsa­svara.

Son of the buddha Anavanata.

Father of the buddha Candrodgata.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Śāntārtha (718 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prabhābala (800 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Birthplace of the buddha Kṛtavarman.

Birthplace of the buddha Anihata.

Birthplace of the buddha Sumanas.

Mother of the buddha Ghoṣadatta.

Birthplace of the buddha Brahmaghoṣa.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ketudhvaja (812 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Mother of the buddha Rativyūha.

Son of the buddha Garjitasvara.

Son of the buddha Brahmā .

Son of the buddha Adīnaghoṣa.

Attendant of the buddha Yajñasvara.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇasañcaya.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahāpriya.

Birthplace of the buddha Śrī .

Birthplace of the buddha Sukhābha.

Birthplace of the buddha Parvatendra.

Birthplace of the buddha Kṛtāntadarśin.

Birthplace of the buddha Praśāntagati.

Mother of the buddha Padmākṣa.

Son of the buddha Amitabuddhi.

Son of the buddha Jyeṣṭha.

Son of the buddha Śūra.

Attendant of the buddha Śreṣṭharūpa.

Son of the buddha Praśāntamala.

Father of the buddha Cāritratīrtha.

Attendant of the buddha Jagattoṣaṇa.

Son of the buddha Devasūrya.

Mother of the buddha Laḍitanetra.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhadhvaja .

Birthplace of the buddha Upakāragati.

Birthplace of the buddha Akṣobhya .

Birthplace of the buddha Matimat .

Birthplace of the buddha Ṛṣīndra.

Birthplace of the buddha Samadhyāyin.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhabala (469 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Bodhirāja.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śreṣṭha.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Manuṣyacandra.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahāraśmi (475 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Citraraśmi (557 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Son of the buddha Surūpa.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Candrapradīpa (565 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Son of the buddha Nāgaprabhāsa.

Attendant of the buddha Puṣpaprabha.

Father of the buddha Siṃhabala.

Attendant of the buddha Sūrata.

Attendant of the buddha Caitraka.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puruṣadatta.

Mother of the buddha Siṃhagati .

Father of the buddha Jñānaśūra.

Attendant of the buddha Jñānapriya .

Father of the buddha Prahāṇakhila.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Yaśadatta.

Mother of the buddha Ratibala.

Mother of the buddha Guṇavīrya.

Attendant of the buddha Siṃhadhvaja.

Attendant of the buddha Śaśivaktra.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇaprabha .

Attendant of the buddha Rāhu .

Son of the buddha Anupamarāṣṭra.

Father of the buddha Ratnaruta.

Mother of the buddha Padmagarbha .

Mother of the buddha Suvarṇottama.

Birthplace of the thus-gone Raśmi

Birthplace of the buddha Gaṇimuktirāja.

Attendant of the buddha Ketuprabha.

Father of the buddha Padmahastin.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnābhacandra (731 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Smṛtīndra.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pūritāṅga.

Father of the buddha Mahāmitra.

Hearer present in the circle around Śākyamuni .

The 326th buddha in the first list, 325th in the second list, and 320th in the third list.

The 62nd buddha in the first list, 62nd in the second list, and 63rd in the third list.

A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni .

A buddha who is not listed in the first or second list but is 862nd in the third list.

The 950th buddha in the first list, 949th in the second list, and 940th in the third list.

The 315th buddha in the first list, 314th in the second list, and 309th in the third list.

The 663rd buddha in the first list, 662nd in the second list, and 654th in the third list.

The 810th buddha in the first list, 809th in the second list, and 798th in the third list.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Kāśyapa .

A brahmin who scolded the Buddha but subsequently became a monk.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānakrama.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prajñākūṭa (538 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

The 653rd buddha in the first list, 652nd in the second list, and 644th in the third list.

The 127th buddha in the first list, 127th in the second list, and 128th in the third list.

The 269th buddha in the first list, 268th in the second list, and 268th in the third list.

The 347th buddha in the first list, 346th in the second list, and 341st in the third list.

The 982nd buddha in the first list, 981st in the second list, and 972nd in the third list.

The 833rd buddha in the first list, 832nd in the second list, and 822nd in the third list.

The 627th buddha in the first list, 626th in the second list, and 619th in the third list.

Son of the buddha Asaṅga.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Velāmarāja.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Maṇivajra (281 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Anantavikrāmin

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Samāhitātman (651 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Birthplace of the buddha Rāhu .

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amṛtadhārin (145) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prabhākośa (617 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Aśoka (663 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sukhacittin (813 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratibala (908 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kṣemaṃkara (967 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Durjaya (604 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Devarāja (690 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Baladatta (425 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Nakṣatrarāja .

Mother of the buddha Guṇāgradhārin.

Father of the buddha Gaganasvara.

Mother of the buddha Brahmaghoṣa .

Mother of the buddha Niyatabuddhi.

Birthplace of the buddha Tīrthakara.

Birthplace of the buddha Sukhacittin.

Birthplace of the buddha Vararuci.

Father of the buddha Amitatejas.

Son of the buddha Dharaṇīśvara .

Son of the buddha Guṇaprabhāsa.

Birthplace of the buddha Mahāprabha.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pratibhāna­cakṣus (728 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Mother of the buddha Amitayaśas.

Attendant of the buddha Mokṣavrata.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṇyabala (742 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Son of the buddha Puṣpaketu .

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Surūpa.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Maṇiprabha (149) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Father of the buddha Prajñādatta.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Padmaraśmi.

Attendant of the buddha Sulocana.

Son of the buddha Ratnatejas.

Birthplace of the buddha Dṛḍhasaṃdhi.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kalyāṇacūḍa.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ṛṣideva.

Birthplace of the buddha Guṇavisṛta.

The 646th buddha in the first list, 645th in the second list, and 637th in the third list.

The 904th buddha in the first list, 903rd in the second list, and 894th in the third list.

The 574th buddha in the first list, 574th in the second list, and 567th in the third list.

The 854th buddha in the first list, 853rd in the second list, and 843rd in the third list.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnapāṇi.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Suprabha .

Son of the buddha Saṃtoṣaṇa.

Mother of the buddha Vimalaprabha.

Attendant of the buddha Sukrama.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śuddhaprabha .

A hunter.

Attendant of the buddha Atibala.

A high-ranking deity presiding over a divine world; he is also considered to be the lord of the Sahā world (our universe). Though not considered a creator god in Buddhism, Brahmā occupies an important place as one of two gods (the other being Indra/Śakra) said to have first exhorted the Buddha Śākyamuni to teach the Dharma. The particular heavens found in the form realm over which Brahmā rules are often some of the most sought-after realms of higher rebirth in Buddhist literature. Since there are many universes or world systems, there are also multiple Brahmās presiding over them. His most frequent epithets are “Lord of the Sahā World” (sahāṃpati) and Great Brahmā (mahābrahman).

The 56th buddha in the first list, 56th in the second list, and 57th in the third list.

Father of the buddha Brahmadatta.

Son of the buddha Brahmaketu .

The 554th buddha in the first list, 554th in the second list, and 547th in the third list.

Birthplace of the buddha Hutārci .

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇagarbha .

Son of the buddha Lokottīrṇa.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Brahmā .

Son of the buddha Priyaṅgama .

Mother of the buddha Brahmavāsa.

Son of the buddha Brahmaghoṣa.

Son of the buddha Sukhābha.

Attendant of the buddha Kṣemapriya.

Father of the buddha Kāśyapa .

Father of the buddha Nanda .

Son of the buddha Prajñākūṭa .

Birthplace of the buddha Brahmā .

Son of the buddha Bhadradatta.

Mother of the buddha Anupamaśrī.

Mother of the buddha Maitreya.

Mother of the buddha Lokottīrṇa.

Father of the buddha Sāra.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vigatabhaya (726 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Father of the buddha Brahmā .

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmaghoṣa.

Father of the buddha Brahmaghoṣa .

Son of the buddha Guṇamālin.

Mother of the buddha Amoghavikramin.

Father of the buddha Sujāta .

Mother of the buddha Abhaya .

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahāpraṇāda.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Muktiskandha (20 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Mother of the buddha Brahmaghoṣa.

Mother of the buddha Brahmā .

Attendant of the buddha Prabhāsthita­kalpa.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmagāmin .

Father of the buddha Dharmamati.

Mother of the buddha Brahmaketu .

Attendant of the buddha Arthadarśin.

The well-gone Amoghavikramin when Brahmā, lord of the Sahā world.

Mother of the buddha Guṇendradeva.

Mother of the buddha Dharmabala.

Mother of the buddha Arthabuddhi.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Devarāja.

Mother of the buddha Vidumati.

Father of the buddha Guṇendradeva.

Mother of the buddha Krakucchanda.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmaketu.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmā .

Son of the buddha Satyadeva.

Father of the buddha Arthakīrti.

The 102nd buddha in the first list, 102nd in the second list, and 103rd in the third list.

The 195th buddha in the first list, 194th in the second list, and 194th in the third list.

The 443rd buddha in the first list, 442nd in the second list, and 436th in the third list.

The 670th buddha in the first list, 669th in the second list, and 661st in the third list.

The 42nd buddha in the first list, 42nd in the second list, and 43rd in the third list.

The 548th buddha in the first list, 548th in the second list, and 541st in the third list.

The 396th buddha in the first list, 395th in the second list, and 389th in the third list.

The 504th buddha in the first list, 504th in the second list, and 497th in the third list.

The 453rd buddha in the first list, 452nd in the second list, and 446th in the third list.

The 907th buddha in the first list, 906th in the second list, and 897th in the third list.

The 745th buddha in the first list, 744th in the second list, and 734th in the third list.

The 921st buddha in the first list, 920th in the second list, and 911th in the third list.

The 328th buddha in the first list, 327th in the second list, and 322nd in the third list.

The 429th buddha in the first list, 428th in the second list, and 422nd in the third list.

The 681st buddha in the first list, 680th in the second list, and 672nd in the third list.

Son of the buddha Vratanidhi.

Appears in various Buddhist stories from the Pali canon onward as a previous incarnation of the Buddha who was renowned for the great acts of charity and generosity he performed despite the unworthiness of his recipients.

Attendant of the buddha Lokottīrṇa.

Mother of the buddha Vidyutprabha .

Son of the buddha Yaśodatta.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Arajas (855 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Father of the buddha Nirjvara.

Son of the buddha Gaṇiprabha .

A buddha of the past.

Birthplace of the buddha Nāgadatta .

Mother of the buddha Mahauṣadhi.

Birthplace of the buddha Rāhugupta.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pratimaṇḍita (148) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dhyānarata (273 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sutīrtha (724 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Birthplace of the buddha Lokapriya.

Birthplace of the buddha Sucintitārtha.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sthitamitra.

Birthplace of the buddha Mahendra.

Birthplace of the buddha Dharmaprabhāsa.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vasudeva.

Father of the buddha Anihata .

Son of the buddha Manoratha.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Yaśoratna (431 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānarāśi (522 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vidvat (670 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sundarapārśva.

Birthplace of the buddha Siṃhadhvaja .

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sucīrṇabuddhi (171 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Mother of the buddha Siṃhacandra.

Mother of the buddha Mokṣadhvaja.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kṣemottamarāja (369 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

The 750th buddha in the first list, 749th in the second list, and 739th in the third list.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Atula­pratibhāna­rāja (974 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kṛtārtha (970 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

The 895th buddha in the first list, 894th in the second list, and 885th in the third list.

The 960th buddha in the first list, 959th in the second list, and 950th in the third list.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇasāgara.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhavikrama.

Mother of the buddha Susthita .

One of the two primary forms of meditation in Buddhism, the other being special insight.

Birthplace of the buddha Vīryadatta.

The 458th buddha in the first list, 457th in the second list, and 451st in the third list.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānapriya .

Son of the buddha Śailendrarāja.

Attendant of the buddha Lokajyeṣṭha.

Attendant of the buddha Marutpūjita.

Son of the buddha Sukhita.

Father of the buddha Candra .

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Aridama.

Mother of the buddha Maṇicūḍa.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇavīrya (935 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

The 671st buddha in the first list, 670th in the second list, and 662nd in the third list.

A prince.

The 22nd buddha in the first list, 22nd in the second list, and 23rd in the third list.

The 216th buddha in the first list, 215th in the second list, and 215th in the third list.

The 270th buddha in the first list, 269th in the second list, and 269th in the third list.

The 327th buddha in the first list, 326th in the second list, and 321st in the third list.

The 360th buddha in the first list, 359th in the second list, and 354th in the third list.

The 741st buddha in the first list, 740th in the second list, and 730th in the third list.

Former name of the buddha Nāgaprabhāsa (162 according to the third enumeration).

The 774th buddha in the first list, 773rd in the second list, and 763rd in the third list.

The 488th buddha in the first list, 487th in the second list, and 481st in the third list.

A bodhisattva who gave away his eyes to satisfy a bird.

The 572nd buddha in the first list, 572nd in the second list, and 565th in the third list.

The 121st buddha in the first list, 121st in the second list, and 122nd in the third list.

The 253rd buddha in the first list, 252nd in the second list, and 252nd in the third list.

The 844th buddha in the first list, 843rd in the second list, and 833rd in the third list.

Attendant of the buddha Vibodhana.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Abhaya .

Son of the buddha Baladeva.

Mother of the buddha Vajrasaṃhata.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Gandhahastin .

Father of the buddha Anupamavādin.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Brahmaghoṣa (541 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

The 940th buddha in the first list, 939th in the second list, and 930th in the third list. The correspondence between the Tibetan and Sanskrit is tentative; see Skilling and Saerji 2018: p. 235 n. 269.

The 875th buddha in the first list, 874th in the second list, and 865th in the third list.

Attendant of the buddha Velāma.

The 892nd buddha in the first list, 891st in the second list, and 882nd in the third list.

The 834th buddha in the first list, 833rd in the second list, and 823rd in the third list.

The 522nd buddha in the first list, 522nd in the second list, and 515th in the third list.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Nāgaprabhāsa.

Mother of the buddha Bodhirāja.

Birthplace of the buddha Saṃpannakīrti .

Mother of the buddha Kṛtāntadarśin.

Birthplace of the buddha Abhedyabuddhi.

Birthplace of the buddha Sumati .

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dundubhi­megha­svara.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sārathi .

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jyotiṣka (564 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Attendant of the buddha Vigatabhaya .

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhadharma.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Muni.

Birthplace of the buddha Amitayaśas.

Mother of the buddha Kṛtavarman.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Manujacandra (146) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃharaśmi.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahauṣadhi.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ūrṇāvat.

Son of the buddha Vigatabhaya .

Attendant of the buddha Anindita.

Birthplace of the buddha Suvrata.

Birthplace of the buddha Viniścitamati.

Birthplace of the buddha Siṃharaśmi .

Son of the buddha Ugratejas .

Son of the buddha Suceṣṭa.

Birthplace of the buddha Dharmakīrti.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ābhāsaraśmi.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ketu.

Son of the buddha Sthitagandha.

Birthplace of the buddha Kāśyapa .

Attendant of Prince Siddhārtha.

Father of the buddha Rāhu­sūrya­garbha.

Son of the buddha Ketumat .

Son of the buddha Supraṇaṣṭamoha.

Birthplace of the buddha Susthita .

Mother of the buddha Rāhudeva .

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Samudradatta (496 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Son of the buddha Jñānaśrī.

Father of the buddha Kathendra.

The 538th buddha in the first list, 538th in the second list, and 531st in the third list.

Attendant of the buddha Lokapriya.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Bahudevaghuṣṭa.

Mother of the buddha Kuśalaprabha.

Birthplace of the buddha Kṣatriya .

Father of the buddha Amoghagāmin.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vararuci.

Mother of the buddha Marudyaśas.

Son of the buddha Bhavapuṣpa.

Mother of the buddha Siṃhagati .

The 547th buddha in the first list, 547th in the second list, and 540th in the third list.

The 638th buddha in the first list, 637th in the second list, and 630th in the third list.

The 957th buddha in the first list, 956th in the second list, and 947th in the third list.

The 564th buddha in the first list, 564th in the second list, and 557th in the third list.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kṛtāntadarśin.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Bhadradatta.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Maṇicandra.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pradānakīrti.

Attendant of the buddha Somacchattra.

Father of the buddha Prasannabuddhi.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṃgava.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Satyaketu.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Anantatejas (667 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṇyamati (941 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Birthplace of the buddha Arthamati.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jyotiṣka (124 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Birthplace of the buddha Prajñāpuṣpa.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prasanna .

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Padmaśrī (491 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Attendant of the buddha Netra.

Birthplace of the buddha Gandhahastin .

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sucittayaśas.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Girīndrakalpa.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jitaśatru.

Attendant of the buddha Laḍitakṣetra.

Birthplace of the buddha Matimat.

Son of the buddha Rāhubhadra.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Priyaṅgama.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kusumadeva (105 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahāpraṇāda (914 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Mother of the buddha Ratnavyūha.

Father of the buddha Śrī.

Attendant of the buddha Cāritraka.

Birthplace of the buddha Maṇiviśuddha.

Birthplace of the buddha Udadhi.

Birthplace of the buddha Vegajaha.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇārci .

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Chedana (531 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Maṇḍita (552 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kṛtārtha.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jagattoṣaṇa (819 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṇyaraśmi (595 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Supriya (879 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Attendant of the buddha Pradīpa .

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pradīpa .

Father of the buddha Brahmavāsa.

Mother of the buddha Guṇaprabha.

Attendant of the buddha Dharmavikrāmin.

Mother of the buddha Śaśin.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vasudeva (225 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānaśūra (558 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Attendant of the buddha Apagatakleśa.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sumati.

Birthplace of the buddha Sugaṇin.

Mother of the buddha Anupamavādin.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhadhvaja (66 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Satyaruta (423 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Mother of the buddha Laḍitakrama.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Prasannabuddhi.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vimalarāja (500 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mānajaha.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Kalyāṇacūḍa.

Son of the buddha Amṛtaprabha.

Attendant of the buddha Bhānumat.

Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ugratejas (318 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.

Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇacūḍa.

Birthplace of the buddha Arthavādin.

Birthplace of the buddha Laḍitagāmin.

Father of the buddha Asaṅga.