Chapter 2
第二章
“Places of pratyekabuddhas and the sugatas’ heirs,
「辟支佛與善逝弟子們的住處，」
Those where the Victor previously lived,
那些勝者曾經住過的地方，
Places that are pleasant and steeped in merit,
那些令人愉悅、充滿功德的地方，
Or venerated by devas and asuras —
或者受到天神和阿修羅的供奉——
Those with vows purified through the restoration rite
那些通過恢復儀式淨化誓言的人
Should perform the approach in order to purify themselves.
應當按次第進行親近修法，以便淨化自身。
“If such places are not to be found, there are others:
「如果找不到這樣的地方，還有其他的地方：
Accessible rivers, brooks, and streams,
容易到達的河流、小溪和溪流，
Lakes adorned with lotuses and utpalas,
用優鉢羅花裝飾的湖泊，
Places unfrequented by people,
人跡罕至的地方，
Or those abundant with clean water; [F.120.a]
或者那些清水豐富的地方；
Places unknown to terrible grahas;
不為可怕的星曜所知曉的地方；
Those with fresh flowers and fruit,
那些有著新鮮花朵和果實的地方，
Rich in medicinal plants, or thick with different trees;
富含藥用植物，或者生長著各種不同的樹木；
Places with clean spots to sleep upon the ground,
地面上有乾��淨的睡眠之處，
Those free of tiger, leopard, and lion,
沒有老虎、豹子和獅子的地方，
Or places pleasing, level, and without brambles—
或者是令人歡喜、平坦、沒有荊棘的地方——
These are places people celebrate for siddhi.
這些是人們為了成就而讚頌的地方。
Avoid places with ravines, anthills, ash, or hair,
要避免有山谷、白蟻丘、灰燼或毛髮的地方，
Rubbish, charcoal, salt deposits, or excrement.
垃圾、木炭、鹽沉積物或排泄物。
“The earth should be excavated, and a hut built there,
「應該挖掘土地，在那裡建造一座茅舍，
One that is warm, strong, and plastered with clay.
要溫暖、堅固，並用泥漿抹平的。
The door can be to the east, north, or west,
門可以開在東邊、北邊或西邊，
But should never face to the south.
但絕對不應該面向南方。
“To one side of the shrine chamber
「在祭壇室的一側
Hang the cloth image to be used in the rite,
掛上在儀式中要用到的布製圖像，
One showing the Victor revealing the sublime path,
一位展現勝者所顯示的崇高道路的。
Or set out a beautiful wooden image to worship.
或者擺設一尊美麗的木製聖像來禮拜。
“A cloth image will grant a person siddhi
「布製的聖像將會賦予人成就
When a weaver weaves it soft and smooth,
當織布工將其織得柔軟光滑時，
When it is tightly woven and free of hairs,
當布料編織得緊密結實，沒有毛髮時，
Properly proportioned, undamaged, and with its fringe intact.
比例恰當、完好無損，且流蘇完整。
“On that cloth, sprinkled with clean, fragrant water,
在那塊布上，灑上清淨、芳香的水，
Persons bathed, clean, and observing poṣadha
受過沐浴、清潔且遵守齋戒日戒律的人
Should use pigment from clean pots and free of cow bile
應該使用來自清潔容器且不含牛膽的顏料
To artfully draw using hair from a cow.
用牛毛巧妙地描繪。
“Abundant offerings should be made to the image:
「應該向佛像獻上豐富的供養：
Offerings of garlands, incense, lamps, food, and fragrance.
獻供花環、香、燈、食物和香料。
It should be set up securely, facing west;
應該將其穩固地設置好，面向西方；
In its presence they begin their quest for siddhi.
在它的面前，他們開始追求成就。
“Their hair should be tied in a topknot and shaved,
「他們的頭髮應該紮成頭頂束並剃光，
And the color of their clothes changed with mineral dyes.
他們的衣服顏色用礦物染料改變。
They should wear either white garb,
他們應該穿著白色的衣服，
Or clothing made of leaves, hemp, flax, or bark.
或者穿著用樹葉、麻、亞麻或樹皮製成的衣服。
“They should hold an attractive alms bowl,
「他們應當持有一個吸引人的缽，
One made from gourd, iron, or clay.
用葫蘆、鐵或陶土製成的。
It should be shapely, not rough but smooth,
它應該造型勻稱，不粗糙而是光滑的，
And be undamaged, round, and free of cracks and holes.
應該完好無損、圓形，並且沒有裂縫和孔洞。
“They should live near a pleasant town, not too close or too far,
「他們應該住在靠近一個令人愉悅的城鎮的地方，不要太近也不要太遠，
Where food and drink are available, and śūdras predominate.
那裡有食物和飲料供應，且首陀羅居多。
It should be hospitable to guests,
應該要熱情款待客人，
And without brahmins of other traditions.
且沒有其他傳統的婆羅門。
“Brahmins overcome with pride
「被傲慢所征服的婆羅門
Are arrogant about their lineage and lack compassion. [F.120.b]
他們因為自己的血統而傲慢，缺乏慈悲。
They create problems whenever they see
他們在看到的時候製造麻煩
People worshiping at shrines to the Sugata.
敬禮善逝聖祠的人們。
“How are brahmins inferior to the Buddha’s followers?
「婆羅門怎麼會不如佛陀的追隨者呢？」
They say, ‘Those of the śūdra caste
他們說：「那些首陀羅階級的人
Exist to serve and venerate brahmins.
存在是為了侍奉和恭敬婆羅門。
How could śūdras ever be fit to recite mantra?
首陀羅怎麼可能適合誦唱咒呢？
“ ‘We worship gods and guests, perform the six activities,
「我們禮敬諸神和客人，修行六種活動，」
Serve the king and the god of fire,
侍奉國王和火神，
And do what we must for our sons—
為我們的兒子做應該做的事。
This is what concerns brahmins.
這是關於婆羅門的事務。
“ ‘Kṣatriyas and vaiśyas also do their duty,
「剎帝利和吠舍也都履行他們的責任，
Therefore do not harbor any doubt.’
因此不要心生任何懷疑。
Speaking a slew of deceptive fallacies,
說出眾多欺騙性的謬論，
They burn their minds and the minds of others.
他們焚燒自己和他人的心靈。
“Upholders of the eightfold path
「八正道的奉行者
Should always take their food before noon.
應該總是在正午之前進食。
Brahmins eat in the afternoon,
婆羅門在下午進食，
So do not visit a brahmin’s home then.
所以不要在那時造訪婆羅門的家。
“For those who understand virtue and nonvirtue,
「對於那些理解善行與惡行的人，
There is no difference between a brahmin and a śūdra.
婆羅門和首陀羅之間沒有區別。
A person may think, ‘This is a brahmin, this is a śūdra,’
一個人可能會想：「這是婆羅門，這是首陀羅」
But those are concepts, nothing more.
但那些只是概念，沒有其他意義。
“By focusing on the true path and following virtue,
「通過專注於真實之道和追隨美德，
Śūdras too will pass beyond aging and death.
首陀羅也會超越衰老和死亡。
By following a false path and behaving badly,
遵循邪法並行為不當，
Brahmins too will fall into unbearable hells.
婆羅門也會墮入無法忍受的地獄。
“Those who are embodied, rife with impurity
「那些具有身體、充滿不淨的人們
Cannot now be made pure by some other means.
現在無法通過其他方式被清淨。
They are cleansed by ridding themselves of evil,
他們通過摒除邪惡而得到淨化，
And embracing only the meritorious.
只有擁護功德才能得到清淨。
“Just as medicines are given to the ill
"正如藥物被給予患者一樣
To allay and heal their ailments,
為了緩解和治療他們的病。
The Victor taught that eating food
勝者教導進食食物
Is meant to dispel the pains of hunger.
是為了消除飢餓的痛苦。
“Base-minded yogis should not eat
「心意低劣的瑜伽士不應該進食
While obsessed with their longevity,
沉迷於延長壽命，
As if a weary traveler beset with hunger and thirst,
如同一個疲憊的旅人被飢渴所困擾，
Who consumes the flesh of their own child.
誰吃掉自己孩子的肉。
“When too much is added, a scale rises effortlessly;
「當加入過多時，天平輕易上升；
Too little and it likewise falls.
太少了，它同樣會下降。
When proportionate, it instantly comes into balance—
當飲食得當時，身體立刻就會達到平衡——
This is how an embodied being should eat their food. [F.121.a]
這就是有身體的眾生應該進食的方式。
“A person will set a sturdy pillar, for example,
「一個人會設立一根堅固的柱子，舉例來說，
To keep an old house from collapsing.
為了防止老房子倒塌。
So too food stabilizes the machine of the body,
同樣地，食物能夠穩定身體這個機器的運作。
And is like grease for a chariot’s axle.
食物就像是車軸上的潤滑油。
“ ‘Food perpetuates the desire realm’—
「'食物延續欲界'——」
So said the Victor in one of his teachings.
勝者在他的一個教導中這樣說過。
One should know the body to be like a plantain tree;
應當知道身體就像芭蕉樹一樣；
Thus the mind should not desire food, drink, and the like.
因此心不應貪求飲食等物。
“Using knowledge gained from the words of the Sugata,
「運用從善逝的言教中獲得的智慧，
One should guard against the interactions of the six senses and sense objects.
應當防守六根與六塵的相互作用。
Taking up one of the various kinds of alms bowls,
拿起各種托缽中的一個，
One should go for alms, gazing a plow’s length ahead.
應當去化齋，目光向前看一尺遠的距離。
“Smiling as she walks, speaking with sidelong glances,
「微笑著行走，用斜眼說話，
Her shapely body captivates the mind—
她姿態優美的身體迷惑心靈—
A woman’s body strikes like a weapon,
女人的身體如同武器一樣來襲。
Stealing away men’s minds.
盜取眾生的心智。
“Better that he covers his eyes
「最好他能蒙住眼睛
With a red-hot iron plowshare
用燙紅的鐵犁頭
Than to look upon the long eyes of a woman,
不如用滾燙的鐵犁去遮蓋他的眼睛，也勝過看著女人那深長的眼睛。
Which cause his mindfulness to come undone.
使其心念散亂。
“One goes where they please, free of clinging.
「人可以隨意去任何地方，心中不執著。
With their minds mentally disciplined,
他們的心意得到了精神的訓練，
Rejecting concerns of high, middling, or otherwise,
捨棄對於高低或其他等級的關切，
They go to other people’s homes in silence.
他們默默地前往他人的家中。
“Wherever there are calves and young cows,
「無論在什麼地方有小牛和母牛，
Wherever people are drinking alcohol,
無論人們在飲酒的地方，
Wherever young women serve and play,
凡是年輕女性服侍和嬉戲之處，
Wherever young men sport,
無論年輕男子嬉戲遊樂之處，
“At any feast where dog meat is served,
「凡是在任何有供應狗肉的宴席上，
Wherever many people gather,
凡是眾多人民聚集的地方，
And wherever music is played,
以及到處有音樂演奏的地方。
There a person should never go.
那個地方一個人永遠不應該去。
“They should return bringing all the alms received,
「他們應當帶回所有接到的布施，
And share the first portion as they please.
並按照自己的心意分享第一份。
After washing their feet, they should give some to guests,
洗腳之後，他們應該將一些食物施予客人，
Then eat the food to care for their body.
然後進食以維護他們的身體。
“After eating at the appropriate time and bathing on the three occasions,
「在恰當的時間進食並在三個場合沐浴之後，
They should make offerings of garlands, lamps, and incense,
他們應該供奉花環、燈和香。
Sing praises, and present food that is free of meat and alcohol.
唱誦讚頌，並奉獻不含肉類和酒精的食物。
Mantrins then sit on a mat of kuśa grass and recite.
持咒者然後坐在草墊上誦讀。
“If incense, fragrant unguents, and the rest are not available,
「如果沒有香、香膏等供品，」
They should offer a variety of fragrant flowers,
他們應當供奉各種芬芳的花朵，
But avoid buka, arka bilva, bṛhatī, and kuśa,
但要避免毘黎婆樹、阿迦樹、訶梨勒樹和草。
As they smell bad and are unappealing.
因為它們氣味難聞，令人厭惡。
“When standing, seated, lying down, or asleep, [F.121.b]
「無論是站立、坐著、躺下或睡眠時，
Or when moving, reclining, eating, reading, and reciting,
或者在行走、躺臥、進食、閱讀和誦經時，
They should bring to mind the six recollections,
他們應當憶念六種念誦。
Remaining aware of their respective qualities.”
保持對它們各自特性的覺知。
2.34This was the second chapter of the noble “Subāhu’s Questions.”
2.34（結尾）