Summary
s.1The Bhūtaḍāmara Tantra is a Buddhist esoteric manual on magic and exorcism. The instructions on ritual practices that constitute its main subject matter are intended to give the practitioner mastery over worldly divinities and spirits. Since the ultimate controller of such beings is Vajrapāṇi in his form of Bhūtaḍāmara, the “Tamer of Spirits,” it is Vajrapāṇi himself who delivers this tantra in response to a request from Śiva. Notwithstanding this esoteric origin, this tantra was compiled anonymously around the seventh or eighth century ᴄᴇ, introducing for the first time the cult of its titular deity. Apart from a few short ritual manuals ( sādhana ), this tantra remains the only major work dedicated solely to Bhūtaḍāmara.
s.1《鬼王經》是一部佛教密法的魔法與驅魔手冊。其中包含的儀軌實踐教導構成了本經的主要內容，旨在讓修習者掌控世間天神和靈體。由於這些存在的最終掌控者是以鬼王欲怖之身相顯現的金剛手菩薩，因此金剛手菩薩本人在回應濕婆的請求時，傳授了這部密續。儘管源於密法傳統，這部密續於西元七至八世紀左右由無名者編訂，首次介紹了其主尊的修法。除了少數簡短的成就法之外，這部密續仍是唯一一部完全專門獻給鬼王欲怖的主要著作。