Glossary
Types of attestation for names and terms of the corresponding source language
This term is attested in a manuscript used as a source for this translation.
This term is attested in other manuscripts with a parallel or similar context.
This term is attested in dictionaries matching Tibetan to the corresponding language.
The attestation of this name is approximate. It is based on other names where the relationship between the Tibetan and source language is attested in dictionaries or other manuscripts.
This term is a reconstruction based on the Tibetan phonetic rendering of the term.
This term is a reconstruction based on the semantics of the Tibetan translation.
This term has been supplied from an unspecified source, which most often is a widely trusted dictionary.
g.1
Añcala
Wylie: thu ba
Tibetan: ཐུ་བ།
Sanskrit: añcala AD
A dwelling place of bodhisattvas located in the region of Vatsa.
g.2
Appearance of a Sage
Wylie: drang srong ’byung ba
Tibetan: དྲང་སྲོང་འབྱུང་བ།
Dwelling place of the bodhisattva Vajraśrī.
g.3
Bhadraśrī
Wylie: bzang po’i dpal
Tibetan: བཟང་པོའི་དཔལ།
Sanskrit: bhadraśrī AD
“Glorious Goodness,” the bodhisattva who resides at a place called Jyotiṣprabha.
g.4
Cave of Provisions
Wylie: brgyags kyi phug
Tibetan: བརྒྱགས་ཀྱི་ཕུག
A dwelling place of bodhisattvas located in Gandhara.
g.5
children of the Victorious One
Wylie: rgyal ba’i sras
Tibetan: རྒྱལ་བའི་སྲས།
Sanskrit: jinaputra AD
An epithet of bodhisattvas. See g.47 for the definition of Victorious One.
g.6
China
Wylie: rgya ba
Tibetan: རྒྱ་བ།
Sanskrit: cīna AD
The two Chinese translations of this text render the name as zhendan 眞旦 (Taishō 278) and zhendan 震旦 (Taishō 279), both of which refer to China. In this chapter, it is the region in which the dwelling place of bodhisattvas called Nārāyaṇa Cave is located.
g.7
Dharma Seat
Wylie: chos kyi stan
Tibetan: ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྟན།
A dwelling place of bodhisattvas located in the region called Relinquishing the Vase.
g.8
Dharmamati
Wylie: chos kyi blo gros
Tibetan: ཆོས་ཀྱི་བློ་གྲོས།
Sanskrit: dharmamati AD
“Intelligence of Dharma,” the bodhisattva who resides at a place called Heap of Glory.
g.9
Dharmodgata
Wylie: chos kyi ’phags pa
Tibetan: ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཕགས་པ།
Sanskrit: dharmodgata AD
“Nobility of Dharma,” the bodhisattva who resides at a place called Vajra Mountain, Site of Four Great Oceans.
g.10
Divine Aggregates
Wylie: lha’i phung po
Tibetan: ལྷའི་ཕུང་པོ།
The bodhisattva who resides at a place called Stūpa.
g.11
Exalted by Love
Wylie: byams pas ’phags pa
Tibetan: བྱམས་པས་འཕགས་པ།
A dwelling place of bodhisattvas located in Kamboja.
g.12
Gandhahastin
Wylie: spos kyi glang po
Tibetan: སྤོས་ཀྱི་གླང་པོ།
Sanskrit: gandhahastin AD
“Elephant of Incense,” the bodhisattva who resides at a place called Heap of Incense.
g.13
Gandhamādana
Wylie: spos kyi ngad can
Tibetan: སྤོས་ཀྱི་ངད་ཅན།
Sanskrit: gandhamādana AD
“Fragrant Mountain,” the dwelling place of the bodhisattva Radiating Luminous Incense.
g.14
Gandhara
Wylie: sa ’dzin
Tibetan: ས་འཛིན།
Sanskrit: gāndhāra AD
The present-day Gandhara region was located in northwest Pakistan and northeast Afghanistan. This region was historically important for the development of Buddhism. In this chapter, Gandhara is identified as the region in which the dwelling place of bodhisattvas called Cave of Provisions is located.
g.15
Golden Park of the Saṅgha
Wylie: dge ’dun gyi kun dga’ ra ba gser
Tibetan: དགེ་འདུན་གྱི་ཀུན་དགའ་ར་བ་གསེར།
A dwelling place of bodhisattvas located in Pāṭaliputra.
g.16
Good Cave
Wylie: phug bzang po
Tibetan: ཕུག་བཟང་པོ།
Dwelling place of bodhisattvas located in the great ocean.
g.17
Gośṛṇga
Wylie: ba lang gi mgo bo
Tibetan: བ་ལང་གི་མགོ་བོ།
Sanskrit: gośṛṇga AD
A hill in the Central Asian oasis city-state of Khotan. According to The Prophecy on Mount Gośṛṅga (Toh 357), it is here that the Buddha prophesied that this area would one day become a great Buddhist kingdom. Gośṛṅga means “cow horn” in Sanskrit, and the hill is said to have received this name due to having two pointed peaks. Note that in The Prophecy on Mount Gośṛṅga this place name is rendered ri glang ru.
g.18
Heap of Glory
Wylie: dpal gyi phung po
Tibetan: དཔལ་གྱི་ཕུང་པོ།
Dwelling place of the bodhisattva Dharmamati.
g.19
Heap of Incense
Wylie: spos kyi phung po
Tibetan: སྤོས་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ།
Dwelling place of the bodhisattva Gandhahastin.
g.20
Increasing Joy
Wylie: dga’ ba ’phel ba
Tibetan: དགའ་བ་འཕེལ་བ།
The region in which the dwelling place of bodhisattvas called Sthavira Cave is located.
g.21
Jalandhar
Wylie: chu ’dzin
Tibetan: ཆུ་འཛིན།
Sanskrit: jaladhara AD
An ancient city in northern India, possibly the present-day Jalandhar in the Punjab region. Here it is identified as the region in which the dwelling place of bodhisattvas called Teaching with Hands Folded་is located.
g.22
Jyotiṣprabha
Wylie: ri skar ma’i ’od
Tibetan: རི་སྐར་མའི་འོད།
Sanskrit: jyotiṣprabha AD
“Starlight Mountain,” the dwelling place of the bodhisattva Bhadraśrī.
g.23
Kamboja
Wylie: kam po tsa
Tibetan: ཀམ་པོ་ཙ།
Sanskrit: kamboja AD
An ancient kingdom at the crossroads of present-day South Asia, Central Asia, and West Asia. In this chapter, it is the region in which the dwelling place of bodhisattvas called Exalted by Love is located.
g.24
Kashmir
Wylie: kha che
Tibetan: ཁ་ཆེ།
Sanskrit: kaśmīra AD, kāśmīra AD
The area known today as the Kashmir Valley, situated between the Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. In this chapter, it is identified as the region in which the dwelling place of bodhisattvas called Sudarśaka is located.
g.25
Khaśa
Wylie: kha sha
Tibetan: ཁ་ཤ།
Sanskrit: khaśa AD, khasa AD
The Central Asian city-state more commonly known in Tibetan as li yul and in English as Khotan. Here mentioned as the region in which the dwelling place of bodhisattvas called Gośṛṇga is located.
g.26
King of Mind
Wylie: sems kyi rgyal po
Tibetan: སེམས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit: cittarāja AD
Name of the bodhisattva who teaches this and other chapters in A Multitude of Buddhas.
g.27
Mañjuśrī
Wylie: ’jam dpal
Tibetan: འཇམ་དཔལ།
Sanskrit: mañjuśrī AD
Mañjuśrī is one of the “eight close sons of the Buddha” and a bodhisattva who embodies wisdom. He is a major figure in the Mahāyāna sūtras, appearing often as an interlocutor of the Buddha. In his most well-known iconographic form, he is portrayed bearing the sword of wisdom in his right hand and a volume of the Prajñāpāramitāsūtra in his left. To his name, Mañjuśrī, meaning “Gentle and Glorious One,” is often added the epithet Kumārabhūta, “having a youthful form.” He is also called Mañjughoṣa, Mañjusvara, and Pañcaśikha.Here the bodhisattva Mañjuśrī resides at a place called Mountain of Meadows.
g.28
Mathurā
Wylie: ma dur na
Tibetan: མ་དུར་ན།
Sanskrit: mathurā AD
A city approximately fifty kilometers north of present-day Agra in what is now the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. In this chapter, Mathurā is the location of the bodhisattva dwelling place called Satisfying Cave.
g.29
Mountain of Meadows
Wylie: spang ri
Tibetan: སྤང་རི།
Dwelling place of the bodhisattva Mañjuśrī.
g.30
Mucilinda Cave
Wylie: btang bzung gi phug
Tibetan: བཏང་བཟུང་གི་ཕུག
A dwelling place of bodhisattvas located in the region called Perfect Virtue.
g.31
Nārāyaṇa Cave
Wylie: mthu bo’i che phug pa
Tibetan: མཐུ་བོའི་ཆེ་ཕུག་པ།
A dwelling place of bodhisattvas located in China.
g.32
Pāṭaliputra
Wylie: pa ta la’i bu
Tibetan: པ་ཏ་ལའི་བུ།
Sanskrit: pāṭaliputra AD
The capital of Magadha was moved to the city of Pāṭaliputra during the Mauryan expansion, after which it served as the capital of Aśoka’s empire. It is identified with the modern Indian city of Patna. In this chapter, Pāṭaliputra is the location of the bodhisattva dwelling place called the Golden Park of the Saṅgha.
g.33
Perfect Virtue
Wylie: dge ba’i phul du phyin pa
Tibetan: དགེ་བའི་ཕུལ་དུ་ཕྱིན་པ།
The region in which the dwelling place of bodhisattvas called Mucilinda Cave is located.
g.34
Possessed of Vajra Radiance
Wylie: rdo rje’i ’od ’phro ba can
Tibetan: རྡོ་རྗེའི་འོད་འཕྲོ་བ་ཅན།
Dwelling place of the bodhisattva Walks with the Gait of a Lion.
g.35
Radiating Luminous Incense
Wylie: spos kyi ’od zer rab tu ’gyed pa
Tibetan: སྤོས་ཀྱི་འོད་ཟེར་རབ་ཏུ་འགྱེད་པ།
The bodhisattva who resides at a place called Gandhamādana.
g.36
Relinquishing the Vase
Wylie: ril ba gtong ba
Tibetan: རིལ་བ་གཏོང་བ།
The region in which the dwelling place of bodhisattvas called Dharma Seat is located. Thomas Cleary translates this (from the Chinese) as Kuchara.
g.37
Satisfying Cave
Wylie: tshim par byed pa’i phug
Tibetan: ཚིམ་པར་བྱེད་པའི་ཕུག
A dwelling place of bodhisattvas located in Mathurā.
g.38
Stable Roots
Wylie: rtsa ba shin tu brtan pa
Tibetan: རྩ་བ་ཤིན་ཏུ་བརྟན་པ།
A dwelling place of bodhisattvas, located south of Vaiśālī.
g.39
Sthavira Cave
Wylie: gnas brtan gyi phug
Tibetan: གནས་བརྟན་གྱི་ཕུག
A dwelling place of bodhisattvas located in the region called Increasing Joy.
g.40
Stūpa
Wylie: mchod rten
Tibetan: མཆོད་རྟེན།
Sanskrit: stūpa AD
Dwelling place of the bodhisattva Divine Aggregates.
g.41
Sudarśaka
Wylie: shin tu ston pa
Tibetan: ཤིན་ཏུ་སྟོན་པ།
Sanskrit: sudarśaka AD
A dwelling place of bodhisattvas located in Kashmir.
g.42
Teaching with Hands Folded
Wylie: khyor po ston pa
Tibetan: ཁྱོར་པོ་སྟོན་པ།
A dwelling place of bodhisattvas located in Jalandhar.
g.43
Vaiśālī
Wylie: shin tu yangs pa
Tibetan: ཤིན་ཏུ་ཡངས་པ།
Sanskrit: vaiśālī AD, viśāla AD
Capital of the Licchavī republic and an important city during the life of the Buddha. An attested Sanskrit equivalent of the Tibetan shin tu yangs pa is Viśāla, which is synonymous with Vaiśālī.
g.44
Vajra Mountain, Site of Four Great Oceans
Wylie: rgya mtsho chen po bzhi’i gnas rdo rje’i ri
Tibetan: རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཆེན་པོ་བཞིའི་གནས་རྡོ་རྗེའི་རི།
Dwelling place of the bodhisattva Dharmodgata.
g.45
Vajraśrī
Wylie: rdo rje dpal
Tibetan: རྡོ་རྗེ་དཔལ།
Sanskrit: vajraśrī AD
“Glorious Vajra,” the bodhisattva who dwells on the mountain called Appearance of a Sage.
g.46
Vatsa
Wylie: be’u
Tibetan: བེའུ།
Sanskrit: vatsa AD
One of the sixteen great kingdoms of ancient India. The region in which the dwelling place of bodhisattvas called Añcala is located.
g.47
Victorious One
Wylie: rgyal ba
Tibetan: རྒྱལ་བ།
Sanskrit: jina AD
An epithet of buddhas.
g.48
Walks with the Gait of a Lion
Wylie: seng ge’i ’gros su ’gro ba
Tibetan: སེང་གེའི་འགྲོས་སུ་འགྲོ་བ།
The bodhisattva who resides at a place known as Possessed of Vajra Radiance.