Notes

n.1For an English translation of this collection by Bhikkhu Bodhi, see The Numerical Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Aṅguttara Nikāya, Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2012.

n.2See, for example, The Question of Maitreya (1) (Toh 85), beginning at 1.7.

n.3For a brief discussion of this, see the introduction to The Ten Bhūmis (Toh 44-31), i.7.

n.4See, for example, chapter 14 of Upholding the Roots of Virtue (Toh 101); The Questions of the Kinnara King Druma (Toh 157), beginning at 1.­29; and The Questions of Sāgaramati (Toh 152), beginning at 10.­28. Note that in these three sūtras, dharma is rendered “qualities.” In other sūtras such as The Sūtra Teaching the Four Factors (Toh 249), The Four Factors (Toh 250), and The Sūtra on Four Factors (2) (Toh 251), the same term is rendered “factors.”

n.5Pearcey, Adam. trans., The Sūtra Teaching the Four Factors , Toh 249 (84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2019).

n.6Pearcey, Adam. trans., The Four Factors Toh 250 (84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2023).

n.7Pearcey, Adam. trans., The Noble Mahāyāna Sūtra on the Four Factors , Toh 251 (84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2023).

n.8Dharmachakra Translation Committee, trans., The Fourfold Accomplishment , Toh 252 (84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2020).

n.9Śāntideva’s Śikṣāsamuccaya was translated into Tibetan by Jinamitra, Dānaśīla, and Yeshé Dé during the height of Tibetan imperial sponsorship of Buddhism only some decades after it was composed. In it Śāntideva cites the Bodhisattva­prātimokṣa on ten occasions. See Silk 2008, p. 60 n. 86, also Bendall (trans.) 1922, p. 322.

n.10Denkarma folio 300.b; see also Herrmann-Pfandt, pp. 142–43. Phangthangma 2003, p. 11.

n.11Silk 2008, p. 60 n. 86–89, affirms that the sūtra is cited as the bden pa’i rnam pa’i mdo in the Mahā­sūtra­samuccaya and the Śikṣāsamuccaya. For a romanized critical edition of the Mahā­sūtra­samuccaya, see Mochizuki 2004.

n.12We have only found a brief mention of the text by the contemporary master Kangyur Rinpoche, Longchen Yeshe Dorje (1887–1975), in Longchen 2001, p. 208. Interestingly, the passage Kangyur Rinpoche cites is not one of the passages included in the Mahā­sūtra­samuccaya.

n.13Silk 2008, p. 61 n. 87.

n.14Our translation of this analogy is tentative.

n.15Tib. chos thams cad. Alternatively, this could be rendered “all phenomena.”

n.16Here “alien” renders the Tib. gzhan.

n.17Tib. sems can thams cad la gnong bskur ro. This might also be read to mean “to all sentient beings” rather than “for the sake of all sentient beings.”

n.18Translation tentative. Tib. ma mkhyen pa’i mkhyen pa mkhyen pas mngon par mkhyen pa dang/ mkhyen pa’i chos de la rab tu gnas pas spyod pa des na mngon par sangs rgyas pa zhes bya’o.

n.19Tib. bsngags pa’i bya ba rjes su ’thob par ’gyur. This particular turn of phrase in Tibetan does not appear to occur anywhere else in the Kangyur.

n.20Translation tentative. Tib. byang chub sems dpa’ la la zhig ’di skad du. We would expect a particle after byang chub sems dpa’ indicating the dative case, such as la, but this may have been elided either due to eye-skip or because it appeared redundant to a scribe, since it would have been followed by la la zhig. This is only speculative, however, since there are no variants recorded in the Comparative Edition here, and the reading in the Stok Palace version of the text is the same.

n.21The reading in Degé is ji ltar ’dod chags de skye ba de ltar gang gi skye ba de mi dmigs. This translation follows the reading in Stok Palace, which is ji ltar ’dod chags skye ba de ltar gang gis skye ba de mi dmigs.

n.22Translation tentative. Tib. nyams ’og tu chud pa’i thos pa mang po dang ldan pa yin.

n.23Translation tentative. Tib. de gang dang gang du ’gro ba thams cad du ’dod pa’i bya ba rjes su ’thob par ’gyur la.

n.24The repetition of “the lack of aggression” (Tib. khro ba med pa nyid) is found in all the Tibetan versions consulted.

n.25Translation tentative. Tib. zhal ta byed pa’i shes pa. This term (“caretaker”) occurs again below.

n.26These constitute the thirty-seven factors of awakening (Tib. byang chub kyi phyogs kyi chos).

n.27Tib. nyan thos rnams.

n.28Translation tentative. Tib. ’chag pa’i rang bzhin can du bya ba.

n.29Translation tentative. Tib. nges pa’i tshig bzang po dang ldan pa.

n.30Translation tentative. Tib. gzhan dris pa na gzhan gyis brda sprad par mi bya/ gang dris pa de nyid brda sprad par bya.