Notes

n.1Taishō 632, 佛說慧印三昧經 (Fo Shuo Hui Yin Sanmei Jing), third century; Taishō 633, 佛說如來智印經 (Fo Shuo Rulai Zhi Yin Jing), translator unknown, fifth century; and Taishō 634, 佛說大乘智印經 (Fo Shuo Dasheng Zhi Yin Jing), translated by Zhi Jixiang in the Song.

n.2In the Madhyamakaratnapradīpa (Toh 3854), folio 277.b; and according to Eckel 1994, p. 166, in the Tarkajvālā (Toh 3856).

n.3In the first Bhāvanākrama (Toh. 3915), folio 24.a.

n.4In the Degé Kangyur, this group consists of eleven sūtras (Toh 127–37), but in Kangyurs of the Thempangma line they are scattered throughout the General Sūtra section. Title elements used similarly to group texts in the Tshalpa Kangyurs include “The Questions…” (Skt. paripṛcchā), “The Prophecy…” (Skt. vyākaraṇa), “The Teaching…” (Skt. nirdeśa), “The Exemplary Tales…” (Skt. avadāna), and others.

n.5See Roberts (2018).

n.6Such as, for example, the Praśāntaviniścayaprātihāryasamādhi (Toh 129, see Dharmachakra Translation Committee 2020), Māyopamasamādhi (Toh 130, see Dharmachakra Translation Committee 2016), and Sarvapuṇyasamuccayasamādhi (Toh 134, see Dharmachakra Translation Committee 2016.a).

n.7For further reading, see Skilton 2002.

n.8Translated based on Stok: ’di la sbyor la bar du gcod med de. Degé reads: ’di la sbyor la rab tu mchod med de. Narthang has spyod instead of sbyor.

n.9Translated based on Stok: dpang. Degé reads: dbang.

n.10Translated based on Stok: stong pa. Degé reads: ston pa.

n.11Translated based on Stok: yi. Degé reads: yis.

n.12Translated based on Stok: mi mthun. Degé reads: mi ’dun.

n.13Translated based on Stok, Yongle, Kangxi, and Lhasa: sred ma yin. Degé reads: srid ma yin.

n.14Translated based on Stok: ’don pa. Degé reads: ’dod pa.

n.15The name of Ajātaśatru’s mother is more typically given as Vaidehī (See Edgerton, vol. II, 510) or Kośaladevī, given that she was from the region of Kośala/Kosala.

n.16The Tibetan for this name, bye ba ldan, has no variants in the Kangyur collections consulted and appears nowhere else in the Degé Kangyur. However, other sources (Kṣemavatīvyākaraṇa-sūtra, bde sdan ma lung bstan pa’i mdo, Toh 192) give bde ldan ma (*Kṣemavatī) as an attested name for one of Bimbisāra’s wives. In dbu med manuscripts bde might be easily confused for bye, with the following ba subsequently added to make some sense of the peculiar name resulting from the initial scribal error. We have thus chosen to render this name accordingly. This wife is also sometimes known as Kṣemā, and may be identified with Khemā in the Pali literature.

n.17Translation tentative. The Tibetan reads: skad ni bdun brgya dag dang yi ge bye ba drug cu ldan.

n.18Translated based on Stok: gleng gzhi. Degé reads: gling bzhi.

n.19Translation tentative. The Tibetan reads: ci nas ’bras bcas brtul zhugs grub nas phyogs phyogs mchi ’gyur pa.

n.20Translated based on Stok: bsal ba. Degé reads: btsal ba.

n.21Translated based on Stok: de nas ci nas dngos grub thos nas dga’ ste mchi ’gyur bar. Degé reads: de dag ci nas dngos grub thob nas rga ste ’chi ’gyur bar.

n.22Translated based on Stok: mdun du byas pa. Degé reads: mdun du byas dpa’.

n.23Translated based on Yongle and Kangxi: sred. Degé reads: srid.

n.24Translated based on Yongle, Lithang, Kangxi, Narthang, and Choné: rgya mtsho tshur mtha’ pha mtha’. Degé reads: rgya mtsho chu mtha’ phyi mtha’.

n.25Translated based on Stok: ma grub ma mthong. Degé reads: grub par ma mthong.

n.26Translated based on Stok: yongs sbyong. Degé reads: spyod dang.